高中英语语法之情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

1、 始于1989 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌鹰击长空基础不丢专题导读情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。高考英语完成句子对情态动词的考查主要涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。学好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义是与现在、过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。五年高考：情态动词与完成式；宾语从

2、句、同位语从句、条件句中的虚拟语气；情态动词的推测功能；should/can等情态动词的基本用法。考点聚焦： 考点(1)情态动词与完成式“情态动词have过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：must have done 过去一定做了某事He isnt here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。cant/couldnt have done 过去不可能做了某事He cant have written this letter. 这封信不可能是他写的。may/might have done 过去可能做了某事

3、You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。neednt have done本来没有必要做而实际做了某事He neednt have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。could have done本来能够做而实际没有做某事You could have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际没有做某事I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。shouldnt/ou

4、ghtnt to have done本来不该做而实际做了某事考点(2)情态动词的推测功能can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldnt；语气较弱may，might或can，could；注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词进行式”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词完成式”结构。考点(3)can

5、的一些特殊搭配 canttoo/overcantadj./adv. enough 再也不过分cant help/choose but do 不得不做cant help (to) do不能帮忙做cant help doing情不自禁做cant/couldnt agree more 十分赞成it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好might as well还是的好；不妨考点(4)虚拟语气的基本用法 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：if+主语动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)其他成,主语should/would/could动词原形其他成分。 与过去事实相反的虚拟语

6、气，基本结构为：if+主语动词的过去完成时其他成分,主语should/would/couldhave done其他成分。 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：if+主语动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do其他成,主语should/would/could动词原形其他成分。 条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反did(be的过去式用were)would/should/could/might + doI dont have a phone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others

7、.与过去事实相反had+ donewould/should/could/might + have doneIf you had come earlier, you would have met him.与将来事实相反did或should + do或were to + doshould/would/could/might + doIf it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out. 考点(5)含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟

8、语气的基本用法相同。 I would do anything for her (if I could). Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity). 考点(6)主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。 If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在-过去) If they had started in the early morni

9、ng, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去-将来) If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去-现在) 考点(7)名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句中用虚拟语气，形式（should）+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求demand, request, require

10、, ask; urge, desire等。 He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. I suggested that we should go there on foot.【注意】suggest, insist等动词不表示建议、要求等解释时，其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气形式。当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如: The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our

11、 work. 当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 在常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词引导的同位语从句中，用虚拟语气。常见的词有：advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening. 在“ It is ordered/

12、desired/decided/requested/strange/necessary/natural/a pity +that从句”等后的主语从句中，从句中的谓语动词部分也要用（should）do形式的虚拟语气结构。此时,it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight.考点(8)wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气表示对现在情况的虚拟：一般过去时（did, were） 表示对过去情况的虚拟：过去完成时（had done）表示对将来情况的虚拟：一般过去时（

13、wish可接would/could/might + do表对将来的虚拟） I wish she were here. I wish you would go with us tomorrow He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself. I would rather you paid the money yourself. If only I were a flying bird! 考点（9）It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或s

14、hould +动词原形, 其中should不能省掉.如: It is time that you went to school. It is time that we should start out. 可以攻玉经典例题1. If _(我没有喝) alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. ( drink )2. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)3. Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _(绝不可能这样做了)because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)4. After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _(它着陆)as scheduled the next day. (land)5. He beli