英语语法结构体系图Word文档格式.docx

1、表 3基本用法主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称you第三人称hehimtheysheherit多个人陈代词并列的排序单数的语境下：you放在最前，I放在最后 You, she and I all enjoy music.复数的语境下：we放在最前，they放在最后 We, you and they should preserve the environmentit的特殊用法指代事物/人代替前文提到过的事物This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.代替指示代词，起this/that作用Is this you car?No, it isn

2、t.指代动植物、不明身份/性别的人/婴儿Look at that bird. It always comes to my window.The Greens have a new baby. It is lovely.指自然现象（天气、气象、天色等）/量度（时间、距离、温度、价值等）It is getting dark.How far is it to the Great Wall?充当形式主语代替不定式It is our duty to take care of the old.代替动名词It is worthwhile working the whole night.代替主语从句It do

3、esnt matter what you do.充当形式宾语I consider it better to be early.We thought it no use doing that.代替宾语从句The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time.用于强调句型It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who/whom+原剧中其他部分 强调主语It is my word that counts. （我说了算）强调宾语It is me that/whom you should ask.强调状

4、语强调时间It is at eleven that the train leaves.强调地点It was in the classroom that I left him.强调方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.强调原因It was because he was poor that I helped him强调宾补It was red that we painted the gate.指示代词表 4分类及用法空间/时间上离说话人较近/下文将要讲的事物thisthese空间/时间上离说话人较远/上文提及的事物thatthose作替代词的用法指示代词

5、（后面必须有后置定语）替代单数可数名词Your pen is expensive than that I have. 不可数名词The population of China is larger than that of any other country.those替代复数可数名词His stories are more interesting than those I told. 区别指示代词that与数词one/onesthat只能代替事物，相当于the+被代替的单数可数名词/不可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物）可以代替事物，也可以代替人。a/an+被代替的单数可数名词（泛指同一种/类的事

6、物/人）the+被代替的单数可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物/人）必须有后置定语修饰语可以前置/后置/单独使用My child doesnt like this book. Show her a more interesting one.Our new book is more expensive than the one we had before.不定代词表 5all, each,everyall表示“三者/三者以上都” 主语All are equal before the law.all of后接名词（必须带冠词物主代词等限定词），of 可省略，all变为定语All （of） the mi

7、lk has been drunk.All （of） my friends like reading.人称代词，of不能省略All of them enjoyed the party.宾语Say all you know and say it without reserve.（知无不言，言无不尽）The brave defenders gave their all.勇敢的防伪者奋战到底。表语That is all for my speech.我的发言到此结束定语We should argue the case in all seriousness.（极其严肃地）Deal all the car

8、ds. 把牌都发了。同位语主语的同位语实义动词之前The people all voted against it.助动词、情态动词、系动词be之后We are all for him.之前（简短回答）Who can speak Japanese?We all can.宾语的同位语There is justice for us all. （这对我们每个人而言都是公平的）each表示 “两个/两个以上当中的每一个”侧重指每个人/事物的个别情况Each has a cup of tea.Give an apple to each.There is a line of trees on each si

9、de of the road.They each signed the paper.Give them each an apple.every表示“三者/三者以上当中的每一个”侧重强调全体的情况只作定语 You have every right to say so.（你完全有权利这么说）no one, nothing, noneno one=nobody只指人，谓语动词用单数,不能与介词of连用。No one likes a person with bad manners.nothing只指物，谓语动词用单数,能与介词of连用。Nothing except your fears stands

10、in your way.Think nothing of it. （不用介意这件事）none即指人也指物，能与介词of连用，根据含义谓语动词用None of us has got a camera.None of the money belongs to me. （none在代表不可数的事物时，谓语动词用单数）None are so deaf as those that will not hear.None of the books are easy enough for us. both, neither, eitherboth“两者都”（用法类似于all）Both seat are tak

11、en.neither“（两者中的每一个）都不”Neither of the twins is here.either“（两者中的）任何一个”There are houses on either side of the road.manymuch等只修饰可数名词many, many a, a few, few, （not/quite）several,a （great/large） number of, numbers of.只修饰不可数名词much, a little, little, a bit of, a good/great deal of , a large/great amount o

12、f, amounts of.既修饰可数名词有修饰不可数名词some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of. someany肯定句I have some questions. “一些”Some Mr. chen is calling you.“某一” 否定句/疑问句/条件句Do you have any questions? “一些”Come any day you like. “任何一个”复合不定代词some/any/no/every + body/one/thing用法相近于s

13、ome/any/no/every, 被定语修饰时，定语必须后置。He drinks something fierce.（他喝烈酒）is there anything important in that box?otherothers anotherother“另外的，其他的”作定语修饰可数名词（单/复数）/不可数名词Any other person would tell the truth. the other后面不接其他名词时表示两者中的另外一个Hold it in this hand, not the other.others是other的复数形式，但不作定语，只作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

14、前面不加定冠词，泛指“其他人/物”（但不指其余的全部）Many students are playing on the playground. Some are playing football; others are playing basketball.前面加定冠词，特指“剩下的人/物”（可指其余的全部）Six of the toys are mine; the others are Johns. another泛指三者/三者以上当中的“另外一个”，前面不能加任何冠词Then another put up his hand.Lets ask for another.Say is one t

15、hing and doing （is） another She has got another boyfriend.复数可数名词，视为一个单数的整体We will study here for another two years. 物主代词表 6句中作用形容词性物主代词myyourhisitsourtheir定语my task不能与其他限定词（冠词、指示代词）同时使用,不能说：a my friend名词性物主代词mineyourshersourstheirs主语May I use your pen? Yours works better. 宾语I love my motherland as m

16、uch as you love yours.表语 The life I have is yours.反身代词（动作的承受和与动作的发出者是一体）表 7I cut myself when shaving this morning. myselfourselvesyourselfI am not quite myself these days（我最近身体不太舒服）I will be myself again in no time.（我一会儿就会好的）himselfherselfitselfthemselves主语的They themselves are to be blame.宾语的We had

17、better ask the doctor himself about it.疑问代词8名词性疑问代词who, whom, whose指人Who is to take the chair?（谁来当主席）Whom do you wish to speak to?定语（whose作定语所修饰的名词/代词可以被省略）Whose is better, yours or hers？what”什么”指事物/职业/身份What do you mean?Whats your father?（令尊做什么的？）which”哪一个”指人/事物中的,表示一定范围内的选择。若无选择范围用whatWhich film d

18、o you want to see?形容词疑问代词指人whoseWhose umbrella is this?指物what whichWhat job do you want to do?Which team won?数词9基数词（多少）单数形式复数形式没有限定词（数字、a few等）修饰hundred thousand million dozen score可用复数形式+of+名词，表示不确定的数量thousands and thousands of workers 成千上万的工人固定介词词组They arrived in twos and threes（三三两两）表示人的岁数/年代He i

19、s in his thirties.It took place in the 1950s序数词（顺序）序数词前通常要加上定冠词the形容词10性质不同：限定词all, half, both等不定代词，分数和倍数美小圆旧黄，法国木书房冠词、指示代词、物主代词数词（序数词在前，基数词在后）主观描绘性形容词表大小/长短/形状/新旧/颜色表地点表材料性质相同：少音节在前，多音节在后It was a rainy, windy, depressing day.The show is live（表语）. My dog was playing with a live（定语） mouse.宾补He set fr

20、ee all the prisoners in the village.激起情绪感到情绪客观上“令人的”激起情绪The book is very interesting.主观上“感到的”感到情绪I am interested in the book.副词11修饰动词My mother has been working hard all morning.修饰形容词My brother and I are quite different.修饰其他副词He runs very fast.修饰整个句子Obviously, television has both advantages and disad

21、vantages.形容词副词的比较级、最高级、原级比较12比较级构成方法单音节词尾+er tall taller词尾+erlow lower以e结尾，词尾+r large larger以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母再+er big bigger以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+er icy icier双/多音节词前加more特别是以-ly结尾的副词，词前加morewisely more wisely 表达方式形容词比较级+than（连词than引出的句中与其面重复的部分经常被省略）She is much better than （she was） yesterday.副词

22、比较级+than（连词than引出的句中与其面重复的部分经常被省略）You should have come earlier （than you did）最高级单音节词尾+est tall tallest词尾+estlow lowest几个特殊的频度副词：seldomseldomerseldomestearly earlier earliestoften oftener oftenest以e结尾，词尾+st large largest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母再+est big biggest以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+est icy iciest词前加most

23、特别是以-ly结尾的副词，词前加mostwisely most wisely例外：几个特殊的频度副词（见上格）the+形容词最高级+比较范围China has the largest population in the world.形容词最高级有不定冠词/物主代词等其他限定词，不需要加定冠词。Tuesday is our busiest day.副词最高级+比较范围Mr. white works hardest in the company.原级比较 as+形容词原级（+名词）+asnot as/so+形容词原级（+名词）+asIt is as cold in Nanning as in Be

24、ijing.English is not so difficult as Latin.as+副词原级（+名词）+asnot as/so+副词原级（+名词）+asThey work as hard as you do.He does not run as fast as he used to.实义动词的基本用法表 13及物动词动词后跟宾语/双宾语/宾语补足语不及物动词带介词：相当于及物动词不带介词：不需要跟宾语动词短语的基本用法14构成形式使用方法经典例句动词+介词相当于及物动词；可用于被动语态The hunter aimed at the lion and fired, but missed.All the new words were looked up.动词+副词宾语是名词，置于动词短语之中/之后He called the man up./He called up the man.宾语是代词，置于动词短语之中He called her up.Dont talk back when Im speaking.动词+（形容词+）名词+介词He takes good care of his elderly mother.We must ma