外文翻译酒后代驾相关法律问题研究Word文件下载.docx

1、第二，酒店。酒店与客人之间可以通过签订代驾服务委托书建立代驾关系。委托书上载明了代驾的路程、费用等项目，由酒店派出一位驾驶员在客人用餐后，帮客人把车开回其要求的地点，驾驶员再自行返回酒店，客人则需要支付驾驶员的驾驶费用和返回酒店的费用；第三，个人。这一代驾服务提供方即为酒后私人代驾者。实践中主要存在的情形包括酒席的组织者、饮酒者的好友，甚至是与饮酒者素昧平生的陌生人都有可能成为酒后私人代驾者。2 酒后代驾的类型根据提供酒后代驾服务主体的类型不同，可以将酒后代驾分为两类：私人代驾和专业代驾。酒后专业代驾，即为前文所述三类主体中的第一类以及第二类主体所提供的代驾服务；酒后私人代驾，则为第三类主体所

2、提供的代驾服务。因此，可以将酒后私人代驾界定如下：酒后私人代驾是指，由其他人代替饮酒者驾驶，将饮酒者连人带车送至约定地点或其他安全地点的行为。该人不属于任何牟利的商主体，而是一个自然人主体；其代驾行为只属于其个人行为，而非代驾公司或酒店作为商主体的盈利行为。通过对实践当中酒后私人代驾的研究，酒后私人代驾主要存在以下几种类型：第一，酒席组织者代驾。在请客喝酒成为了商家洽谈生意、朋友交流情感等行为的最主要方式。当朋友乔迁之时，主人便会亲自召集若干亲朋好友一同进行庆祝；当同事晋升职位之时，他往往会请客感谢一些帮助过他的人；甚至不需要任何的理由，好友聚在一起喝酒谈心。在酒席的整个过程中，最重要的角色就

3、是该酒席的组织者。组织者，顾名思义，即为组织该酒席之人。此人在酒席开始之前召集酒席的出席人员，提供酒水及各种食物，在酒席进行过程中为了活跃酒席气氛，此人还会劝其他酒席参与者多喝酒。在酒席中喝酒都在所难免，酒席参与者因饮酒而不能自行驾车，于此情形，酒席组织者是将饮酒者送至安全地点还是弃之不管？如果组织者没有将饮酒者送至安全地点，饮酒者因无人照顾而出现了人身权或者财产权的损害之时，酒席组织者是否应当承担相应的损害赔偿责任？如果酒席组织者将饮酒者送至安全地点的过程当中因其过错造成饮酒者人身权或者财产权的损害，责任应当如何承担？对于此类问题，现行法律并未做出相应的具体规定，并且理论界也尚未以此为课题进

4、行深入研究。第二，饮酒者好友代驾。大部分饮酒者往往选择其至交好友作为代驾者。饮酒者在酒席结束后，打电话通知其最为信任的朋友作为代驾者，将其送至安全场所，是很多饮酒者首选的代驾方式。选择好友为其代驾的原因体现为以下几点：一方面，饮酒者选择的这名代驾者，通常情况下是其最为信任的朋友，饮酒者之所以放心的将自己和汽车一并交给该好友，表明在饮酒者看来该好友和自己关系甚好且驾驶技术合格；另一方面，在这种情形下，由于饮酒者选择的代驾者是其最为信任、关系最好的朋友，因此饮酒者并不需要支付任何代驾费用，并且不必担心会欠下“人情债”。 但是，即使是由饮酒者最为信任的至交好友作为代驾者，也仍然有发生纠纷的可能性。例

5、如，好友作为代驾司机时，由于自身过错造成饮酒者的人身权及财产权的损害时责任由谁承担，什么情况下由好友承担侵权损害赔偿责任，这些都是在值得探讨的问题。第三，他人代驾。“他人”一词应当界定为与饮酒者互不相识的任何人，此人之前与饮酒者没有任何情谊上的交集。以他人代驾行为中饮酒者是否支付相应对价为标准，可以将他人代驾分为他人有偿代驾与他人无偿代驾两种类型。饮酒者需支付相应对价的情形为他人有偿代驾，反之则为他人无偿代驾。他人有偿代驾在实践当中主要表现为饮酒者在酒席结束后，在其就餐的酒店附近找到一位出租车司机，要求其驾驶自己的车将自己送至安全场所，并支付该司机相应的费用。他人无偿代驾则通常表现为饮酒者就餐

6、的酒店员工或者其他与饮酒者互不相识的人，该人为了饮酒者的安全和利益着想，驾驶饮酒者的汽车将其连人带车一并送至安全场所，但并不要求饮酒者支付任何费用。上述两种情形下的代驾行为分别属于什么性质，当代驾司机出于过错造成饮酒者人身权或者财产权的损害之时责任的构成要件为何以及责任如何承担，这些都是理论和实践当中十分值得探讨的问题。由于此两种代驾行为特征各异，因此对其性质、责任方面的认定也不同。3 关于酒后代驾及随之发生的相关问题法律责任问题根据德国民法典第104、105条的规定，在不考虑醉酒人是否应适用特别制度来予以保护的前提下，仅从行为能力一节看，醉酒人具有完全的民事权利能力和民事行为能力，但是其于醉

7、酒时所签订的合同应属无效，因为其醉酒时做出的意思表示无效。德国民法典不但废除了禁治产制度，而且以“法律上的照管”代替原来的成年人监护和残疾人保佐。“法律上的照管”与禁治产人不同的是，被照管人的行为能力并不因法律上的照管而自动的丧失或受到限制。无法律行为能力状态可以限制在特定的法律行为领域之内（部分无法律行为能力）。一个人可以只在对法律争议的诉讼事务上无法律行为能力，除此之外则完全具有自由的自主决定能力。根据德国民法典第1896条第1款的规定，成年人因心理疾患或身体上、精神上或心灵上的残疾而完全或部分地不能处理其事务的，监护法院根据该成年人的申请或依职权为其选任一个照管人。同时根据第1901条，

8、照管人在法律规定的范围内管理被照管人的事务，但是又要最大限度的满足被照管人在其能力所及的范围内按照自己的愿望和想法安排其生活，充分体现其自由意志。通过规定法律上的照管制度，使得行为能力不再依据法院裁判，而是基于其事实上的精神与心灵状态。判断一个人的行为能力，关键是行为人在实施法律上的行为的那个时候是否具有法律行为能力。结 语由于代驾事实构成各异，所以法律对其适用也不尽相同，酒后代驾所提供的是一种技术含量比较高的服务，所以，代驾司机作为酒后代驾法律关系中的关键人物，其必须持有相应能证明其驾驶资格的机动车驾驶证。同时，车主由于醉酒，在这种法律关系中基本上扮演着一种“不清醒”的角色，所以极大地影响到

9、其所签订酒后代驾协议的法律效力问题。一般而言，车主最好在饮酒前，意识处于清醒的状态下签订酒后代驾协议，这样才能最大化地保障自身的利益。如果在醉酒的情况下签订了代驾协议，虽然目前的司法实践认定代驾协议有效，但按照国际目前的通常做法，一概认定代驾协议有效或者一概予以撤销都是不妥当的。而应当在个案中区分车主的醉酒程度，或者依辅助人制度认定协议有效或无效，或者予以撤销。如果发生了人身财产损失，则应当区分代驾方是酒店、代驾公司还是个体代驾者来确定各自的不同责任。对于酒后代驾这种新型行业，既要肯定它在为会饮酒的有车族朋友提供了一个相对安全的选择空间，客观上促进了道路交通安全相关法律实施中的积极作用，也要看

10、到其运行不规范、规则不统一、市场不成熟、法律法规不健全的不足之处。附件：About the behalf of the driving1 The behalf of the drivingDue to drink and drive is an emerging service industry, so far, drink and drive in the field of law still does not have an authoritative concept. The wine offspring drive is defined as: the drink and drive,

11、 is referred to by a professional driver instead of driving, will drink drivers with the car home. Usually, with drink and drive the main service to have the following three categories: first, drive company. Now, instead of driving the company has formed a complete specification of process, the comp

12、any has specialized drink and drive service hotline, the guests call, on behalf of the drive member to reach the site, both in service protocol single sign on, marked on the car body status object and related inspection, and if in agreement on behalf of the drive that appear in the process of car lo

13、ss items, traffic accidents and other problems, the drive will be responsible to it; second, hotel. The hotel and guests can drive services commissioned by signing the book created on behalf of the drive relationship. A power of attorney which drive away, costs and other projects, by the hotel sent

14、one of the driver in the guests after dinner, the guests to help pull the car back to its request location, driver to return to the hotel, guests are required to pay the driver driving cost and return to the hotel costs; third, individual. This drive services provider for drunk driving private gener

15、ation. Practice in the presence of the main case includes a organizer, drinkers friends, even with drinkers have never met before strangers are likely to become drunk driving private generation.2 the type of The behalf of the driveAccording to drink and drive the main service of different types, win

16、e can be divided into two categories: offspring of driving private drive and professional drive. Drunken professional on behalf of the drive, is mentioned three kinds of main body in the first class and second class main body provides services on behalf of the drive; drunken private drive, is third

17、class main body provides services on behalf of the drive. Therefore, the drunken private drive is defined as follows: Drunken private drive means, by other people instead of drinkers driving, the drinkers with car sent to the appointed place or other place of safety behavior. The people do not belon

18、g to any profit-making business subject, but a natural person subject; the driving behavior belongs to the individual behavior, not on behalf of the drive as the main business of the company or hotel profit behavior.Based on the practice of private generation drive drunk, drunken private drive mainl

19、y has the following several types: first, the banquet organizers drive. In treat drinking became businessmen discuss business, friends emotional behavior such as the main way. When a friend move when, the master will personally called several friends to celebrate; when colleagues promotion post when

20、, he tends to treat thanks to some of those who helped him; even without the need for any reason, and friends together to drink and talk. In the course of the whole process, the most important role is to the banquet the organizer. As the name implies, that the organization is the organizer, the banq

21、uet. The man in the banquet began before calling a staff attendance, with drinks and a variety of food, on the feast of process in order to active feast atmosphere, he also advised other participants to drink more. At the banquet of wine drinking can hardly be avoided in all participants, the banque

22、t with wine not to drive, in this case, the organizer will send wine drinkers are to a place of safety or abandon? If the organizers will send to a place of safety alcohol drinkers, because of neglect has personal rights or property damage when, whether banquet organizers shall bear the correspondin

23、g liability for damages? If the banquet organizers will drinkers to send to a place of safety process due to the faults caused by drinkers personal rights or property damage, should be how to assume responsibility? For these problems, the current law does not make the corresponding specific provisio

24、ns, and theory circle have not yet on the subject of in-depth study.Secondly, drinkers friends drive. Most drinkers tend to choose their friends as a generation of drivers. Drinkers in after the banquet, call the most trusted friends as drive, sending it to a safe place, many drinkers preferred driv

25、e mode. Choose a friend to drive causes embodied as follows : on the one hand, the generation of drinkers selected drivers, usually is the most trusted friend, drinkers are assured of their car and delivered the friend, shown in drinkers seems the friends and his own very good relations and driving

26、technology qualified; on the other hand, in this case, because the generation of drinkers selection drive is the most trusted, best friends, so do not need to pay any drinkers drive costs, and not have to worry about debt owed . However, even by the drinker s most trusted friends as the drive, it st

27、ill has the possibility of disputes arising. For example, friends as generation driver, because of their own mistakes caused drinkers personal rights and property rights of the damage liability assumed by who, under what circumstances by Buddy bear tort liability for damages, these are the problems

28、that are worth to discuss.In third, another generation of drive. Others should be defined as a word with drinkers do not know each other before any person, the person with no affection on the intersection of drinkers. To on behalf of driving behavior in drinkers whether to pay the corresponding to t

29、he price as the standard, can be divided into others paid on behalf of a drive and others free driving on behalf of two types. Drinkers need to pay the corresponding price situation as others paid on behalf of the drive, and vice versa for others free drive. Others paid on behalf of the drive in pra

30、ctice mainly for drinkers in after the banquet, in its dining hotel near to find a taxi driver, the driving his own car will you give to a safe place, and pay the corresponding cost drivers. Another free generation drive is usually manifests as drinkers dining hotel staff or other drinkers of strang

31、ers, the people in order to drinkers security and interests, driving drinkers automobile into which the people and cars are sent to a safe place, but is not required to pay any costs of drinkers. The two case of generation of driving behavior belong to what nature, contemporary driver for fault caus

32、es the drinkers of personal rights or property damage when the components of the liability of why and how to bear the responsibility, all these is the theory and practice of the problem that is worth to discuss very. As the two generation of driving behavior of different characteristics, so its nature, responsibility cognizance is also diff