英国议会制辩论规则及辩论方法Word格式文档下载.docx

1、通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或二十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不 相同。有时，辩题范围（如“环境问题” ，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。The motion will be announced to all debaters simultaneously in a central location. Preparation time will be between fifteen and thirty minutes, at the discretion of the tournament director. In general, debaters may confer wit

2、h their debate partner duri ng preparatio n time. In some cases, a Tour name nt Director may allow debaters to confer with their coach or tutor. During this time the debaters may consult any written materials. The rules of the World Universities Debating Champi on ships permit debaters to access any

3、 writte n material duri ng the debate; other tournaments permit the debaters to access only the notes they made in preparation time. Electronic retrieval devices typically are not allowed duringpreparation, though electronic dictionaries typically are permitted for second- lan guage speakers.辩题将在一个中

4、央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分 钟，由大赛主办方规定。通常，辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨 论。某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间，辩 手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用 任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的 资料。准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设 备。辩论模式每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。各队独立准备。每队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序陈词，不超过 7分钟。The Debate FormatFour teams participate in each debate: t

5、wo on the Propositi on and two on the Opposition. Each team works independently to either support or oppose themoti on. Each team is made up of two speakers; each speaker will prese nt a speech not to exceed 7 minutes in the order prescribed below.Summary of the Debate FormatTeamCommon Titles for Sp

6、eakerTime1s Proposition,1s Speaker“ Prime Minister ”7 minutes1st Opposition, 1st Speaker“ Leader of the Opposition ”1s Proposition, 2nd Speaker“ Deputy Prime Ministerst1 Opposition,2nd Speaker“ Deputy Leader of the Oppositionnd2 Proposition,“ Member for the Government ”2nd Opposition,1 Speaker“ Memb

7、er for the Opposition ”2nd Proposition,“ Government Whip ”nd2 Opposition,“ Opposition Whip辩论模式简要辩手辩手名称时间正方一队，一辩首相Prime Minister7分钟反方一队，一辩反对党领袖Leader of the Oppositi on副首相Deputy Prime Minister反方一队，二辩反对党副领袖Deputy Leader of the Oppositi on正方二队，一辩内阁成员Member for the Governmen t反方二队，一辩反对党成员Member for the

8、Oppositi on正方二队，二辩内阁党鞭陈词Government Whip反方二队，二辩反对党党鞭陈词Opposition WhipParliamentary Points of InformationDebaters may offer a point of information （either verbally or by rising） at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech. The debater holding the floor may accept or r

9、efuse points of information. If accepted, the debater making the request has fiftee n sec onds prese nt the point of information. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater con ti nu es.If accepted, the debater offering the point of information is allowed to ask a questi

10、on, offer a brief argument, or offer a brief refutation of some point. The debater who accepted the point of in formati on should resp ond to the point immediately.No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of pers onal privilege are allowed.议会制辩论质询在所有陈词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或

11、 直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被 接受，质询者有 15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在陈词时 间内。如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点 进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。Speaker Roles and Speech Purposes辩手职责以及陈词目的Each speaker has a role and each speech should have a purpose. The descripti ons of speaker roles and speech

12、purposes listed below are suggestive and are not inten ded to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reas ons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes need to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be con structed to serve other purposes as long as propositi on speakers affirm the

13、 propositi on and oppositi on speakers oppose it. Debaters will be judged on the overall strength of each team s arguments, not simply on whethefulfilled the roles and responsibilities listed in the table below.每位辩手在辩论中各司其职，每一次陈词也各有其目的。下表列 出了辩手职责和陈词目的，但无法穷尽，也非硬性规定。根据每场辩 论的具体情况，辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责，陈词目的也

14、可 能有所变化，但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即 可。裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分，而不是简单地根 据其完庵自己职责的程度评分。以下列出的职责仅供参考。All speakers, except the final speakers for the propositi on and oppositi on （Propositi on and Oppositi on Whips）, should in troduce new material into the debate. All debaters, except the opening speaker （Prime

15、 Minister）, should engage in refutati on.除正反方最后一名辩手（内阁党鞭和反对党党鞭）外，所有的辩 手都应引入新内容。除正方一辩（首相）外，所有辩手都应进行反 驳。Summary of Speaker Roles and ResponsibilitiesFirst Propositi onSpeaker “ PrimeMi nister ”Roles and ResponsibilitiesThe primary role of First Propositi on team, initiated in this speech, is to establ

16、ish the foundation for meaningful debate on the motio n.The Prime Minister responsibilities mayin clude some or all of the follow ing: 1） offer a reas on able in terpretati on of the moti on, 2） to prese nt a case support ing thatin terpretati on. A case is simply one or more argume nts support ing

17、the First Propositi on in terpretati on of the motio n, and3） other strategies deemed important by the Prime Min ister.First Oppositi onLeader oftheThe primary roles of the First Oppositi on team are to confront the First Government case and to establish the First Oppositi on辩手职责及义务小结队伍职责与义务正方一队s首相正

18、方一队的首要任务是为一场有 意义的辩论打造一个平台。首相的职责可参考以下数点：1） 合理诠释辩题，下定义；2） 给出支持该论点的论证体 系。论证体系是指支持第一正方论点 的一个或数个论据；3） 使用任何首相认为重要的策 略。strategy for oppos ing this case.The Leader of the Opposition sresp on sibilities may in elude some or all of the followi ng:1） to directly or in directly refute part or all of the gover n

19、men ts case,2） to make at least one argume nt thatdem on strates why the First Oppositi on team opposes the moti on as in terpreted by the Prime Minister, and3） to pursue other strategies deemedimportant by the “ Leader of the OppositThe oppositi on speaker may also challe nge the interpretation of

20、the governments case if it is un reas on able, that is, if it completely misinterprets the motion the motion or severely in hibits meanin gful debate.on.es反方一队反对党领袖反方一队的首要职责在于回应正 方一队提出的论证体系；并给出反对 辩题的原因。反对党领袖的职责可参考以下数 占：八、1） 直接或间接反驳正方部分或 全部论证体系；2） 至少给出一个理由，阐明反方 为何反对首相诠释的辩题；3） 使用任何反对党领袖认为重 要的策略。必要时，反对

21、党领袖可以质疑正 方给出的辩题定义，如正方给出定义 完全不合理或严重影响辩论质量。质 疑定义只能正方在极端曲解辩题时使 用。“ DeputyPrime Mi nister ”The Deputy Prime Min ister s responsibilit may in clude some or all of the followi ng:1） to reestablish the First Propositi on case by confronting any refutation presented by the Leader of the Oppositi on,2） to re

22、fute some or all of the arguments prese nted by the Leader of the Oppositi on.3） to further develop the case presented by the Prime Minister, and4） other strategies deemed important by the Deputy Prime Mi nister.副首相副首相的职责参考如下：1） 攻击反对党领袖对正方提出的反 驳，并重新建立起正方论据；2） 反驳反方提出的部分或所有论 据；The Deputy Leader of the

23、 Opposition responsibilities may include some or all of the followi ng:1） to continue refutation initiated by the Leader of the Oppositi on,2） to reestablish the Leader of Opposition argume nts aga inst the moti on,3） to initiate a new argument against the motio n as in terpreted by the First Propos

24、iti on team, and4） to purse other strategies as deemed important by the Deputy Leader of the Oppositi on.The primary roles of the Second Propositi on team are to support the First Propositi on team while simulta neously moving the propositi on positi on in a new and positive direct ion.The responsib

25、ilities of the Member of the Government may include some or all of the followi ng:1） to briefly support the case developed by the First Propositi on team,2） to in troduce a differe nt argume nt,sometimes called a “ case exte nsionconsistent with yet different from the case in troduced by the First P

26、ropositi on team, and3） to pursue other strategies deemed importa nt by the Member of the Government. The primary roles of the Second Opposition team are to support the First Oppositi on team while simultaneously moving the opposition positi on in a new and positive direct ion.The responsibilities of the Member of the Opposition may include some or all of the following: 1） to briefly support one or more argume nts in troduced by the First Oppositi on team,2） to in troduce direct an d/or in d