人教版初二下英语unit 5语法篇教师版学习文档文档格式.docx

1、知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察

2、法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 when while 的区别和用法唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明

3、清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 一、while的意思是“在同时（at the same time that ）”“在期间（for as long as, during the time that）”。从while的本身词义来看，它只能表示一段时间，不能表示具体的时间点。在时间上可以是“线线重合”或“点线重合”，但不能表示“点点重合”。例如： 1、He was watching TV while she was cooking. 她做饭时，他在看电视。（线线重合

4、） 2、 He was waiting for me while I was working. 我工作的时候，他正等着我。3、 He asked me a question while I was speaking. 我在讲话时，他问了我一个问题。（点线重合） 二、when的意思是“当时候（at the time that）”“无论什么时候（whenever）” “一就（as soon as ）” “在以后（after）”。它表示的时间概念比较广泛，上述例句中的as或while均可用when代替，因为when不但可以表示具体的时间点，而且也可以表示一段时间。在时间上它既能表示“点点重合”“线线

5、重合”，又能表示“点线重合”。1、When he came in，she went out. 他进来，她出去。（点点重合） 此句中when从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，when可以用as代替，但不能用while代替。2、When he came back，I was doing some washing. 他回来时，我在洗衣服。此句中when从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，所以只能用as代替，不能用while代替。as when while的区别一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分 1、“主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用。如：Jim hurt his arm

6、 whilewhen， as he was playing tennis. 吉姆打网球时把手臂扭伤了。AsWhen， While she was waiting for the train， she became very impatient. 她在等火车时，变得很不耐烦。注意：as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作（action）和发展（development）意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词（如 be，seem，love，want，agree，see，know，have等），所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as：A：Im going

7、 to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While you are there， can you get me some stamps？当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗？2、“主长从长”型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间，此时通常要用while。I always listen to the radio while Im driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。He didnt ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message

8、. 他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。但是，若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as。He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。I couldnt remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。3、“主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。It was raining hard when

9、 as we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。When As he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分1、若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“一就”的意思，英语一般要用as （也可用when）。The ice cracked as when I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一进来他立刻站了起来。但是，在hardly scarcelywhen句式中

10、，不能将when换成as。Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我们刚一到就下起雨来了。2、若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“刚要就”“正要却”的意思，英语一般要用as（也可用when），且此时通常连用副词just。I caught him just when as he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候，我把他截住了。Just as when the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在这两个人要离开的时候，突然有了

11、消息。三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as，而不用when或while。The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱，房间越来越冷。As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。注：若不是引导从句，而是引出一个短语，则用with，不用as。With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. 随着冬天到来，该买暖和衣裳

12、了。The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 随着太阳下落，影子也逐渐伸长。四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分若暗示一种规律性，表示“每当的时候”，英语一般要用when。Its cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用when。When he arrives hell tell us all about the match. 等他到了，他会好好给

13、我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。When she had finished she waited as though for a reply. 她讲完之后等了等，仿佛是在等候回答似的。六、根据是否具有“趁机”意味来区分1、若从句所表示的“当的时候”具有“趁机”的意味，则通常用while。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。1. - I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but nobody answered.- Oh, I a film at that time.A. seeB. sawC. is seeingD. was seei

14、ng2. While the woman , the accident happened. shopped is shopping was shopping shops3. He home it began to rain. is walking; when was walking; while4. I the charity show on TV when the telephone rang. watch watched am watching was watching5. While my parents TV last night, I a new computer game in m

15、y bedroom. watched; have played were watching; was playing had watched; would watch;解析：1. 因为时间状语是at that time yesterday, 因此为过去进行时，故选D。2. 因为是while 引导的时间状语从句，主句为过去时，从句为过去进行时，故选C。3. 因为时间状语从句的谓语动词为点动词，故用when引导，主句用过去进行时，故本题选C.4. 本题为when引导的典型句型，从句为点动词的一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，故选D。5. While引导的从句为过去进行时，主句为延续性动词，也为过去进行

16、时，故选B。基础演练一、用所给词的适当形式填空1The car _ （sudden） stopped in front of me. 2The girl began to dream when she fell _ （sleep）.3Its snowing _ （heavy）. Youd better not go out.4Dont talk with _ （strange） on the Internet. They may be bad men.5Lisa dreams of being a _ （report）.6. If you dont tell me the _ （true）,

17、I will break up with you.7. They didnt say any words. They went home in _ （silent）.8. Great changes have taken place _ （recent）.9. The lady was _ （kill） last night. Nobody knew who killed her.10. Excuse me, but I must say you are _ （complete） wrong.1. suddenly 2.asleep 3.heavily 4.strangers 5.report

18、er6. truth 7.silence 8.recently 9.killed pletely二、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子） 11. 昨天晚上八点你和你妈妈在干什么？What you and your mother at eight oclock yesterday evening?12. 当琳达睡觉的时候，詹妮正在帮玛丽做作业。While Linda , Jenny Mary with her homework.13. 当我们在广播上听到这个消息的时候，我们正在厨房吃晚餐。We dinner in the kitchen we heard the news on the radio.14

19、. 我正做饭的时候伤到了自己。I hurt myself I .15. 那是在她吃午饭的时候发生的事。She was eating her lunch 二、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子）11. were; doing12. was sleeping, was helping13. were eating, when14. while, was cooking15. when it happened巩固提高翻译（根据中文提示完成句子） 1. 我不知道他的主意是否有效。I dont know if his idea will 2. 如果你那样做，你就会使她陷入困境。If you do that, y

20、ou might her 3. 他们静静地坐在那里，仔细阅读每一个问题。They sat there and read every question carefully.4. 你告诉我的一切，可能影响我自己的看法。What you have told me may to my own opinion.5. 为了按时到校，他起床更早了。He got up earlier get to school on time.1. work out2. get, into trouble3. in silence4. make a difference5. in order to一、适当形式填空（单句适当形

21、式） 1. My mother was （cook） dinner when I came back from school. 2. - I called you this morning, but nobody answered it.- Oh, we （do） some running in the park. 3. - I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten oclock yesterday morning.- Thats true. He （have） an important meeting with us then. 4. - Where were

22、 you this morning?- I （shop） in the supermarket. 5. The reporter said that the UFO （travel） from east to west when he saw it.二、单项选择 6. I didnt hear you because I the news on the radio. listen to am listening to listened to was listening to 7. I met a good friend of mine while I on the street. walks

23、walk was walking am walking 8. - Were you at school when he came to see you?- Yes, I a math class. am having was having had have 9. - Where were you at 7:00 last night? to my mom at home. write wrote am writing was writing10. - Could you tell me what he said just now?- Sorry, I what was happening ou

24、tside. am thinking was thinking thought think三、完形填空 Last Friday a storm visited villages in Honolulu. It destroyed fourteen houses. Seven others were so badly 11 that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had 12 windows, doors or roofs. One person was 13 , several were badly wounded and

25、 taken to 14 , and a number of other people got 15 . Altogether over two hundred people were 16 as a result of the storm. A farmer, Mr. Sabin, said that the 17 began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. I was in the kitchen with my wife and children, he said, when we heard a loud 18 . A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We 19 to climb out but very frightened. Mrs. Roland said that her husband had jus