1非谓语动词高考高频考点全解修改版Word格式文档下载.docx

1、20. learn学会3. refuse12. plan21. expect4. afford13. desire22. agree5. determine14. hope23. decide6. wish15. arrange24. dare（行为动词）胆敢7. long盼望16. pretend25. grow8. prepare17. manage26. intend9. promise18. demand27. attempt表二、跟带动词不定式复合结构（v + sb to do）常见的动词7. warn13. cause2. order8. encourage14. require3

2、. tell9. forbid15. wish4. persuade10. get16. allow5. advise11. force17. ask6. permit12. invitehope, wish, plan, want, mean, intend, attempt, thought, expect等表示“打算”、“计划”、“希望”、“试图”、“认为”等的动词用于过去完成时表示“本打算（本计划、本希望、本认为）做而未做”。had hoped （meant, expected, intended, thought, supposed, planned）+ to do= hoped （

3、meant, expected, intended, thought, supposed, planned） + to have donewere/was + to have done would like（love）+ to have doneI had hoped to come to your party, but I was too busy.我本打算参加你的晚会，但太忙了。I hadnt meant to be so rude. I was quite annoyed, though.我当时不是有意这么粗鲁的，不过我太生气了。The hospital was to have been

4、 built here, but the money wasnt collected yet.I intended to have gone with you for a walk, but something unusual happened.= I had intended to go with .4. 固定结构中的不定式非谓语结构作定语时，其所修饰的名词前有the only, the last, 序数词时或者名词本身为way, chance, ability, plan, need, intention等，此时常用不定式来作定语来修饰该名词：He is always the first

5、to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来最后一个走。Edison was the first scientist to build a modern research and development centre.（09上海春）爱迪生是创建现代研发中心得首位科学家。句型总结：主语 + be the first/secondto do sthLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronome

6、r.上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友李艳平一起去太空旅行，他是一个宇航员。That is the only way we can imagine to reduce the overuse of water in students bathrooms.（10上海卷）那是我们能想象出来的唯一能降低学生宿舍用水过度的方法。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.（11湖南卷）表达一个观点和观点本身一样重要。5. 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义（1） “主语 + be + adj + to do sth”结构

7、中的不定式主动表示被动其中的形容词为表示“好坏、轻重、难易”等事物属性的形容词，如difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light, heavy, good, safe, dangerous等The question is difficult to understand. 这个问题很难理解。I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe.（08全国卷I） （2） 不定式作定语与所修饰词有动宾关系且与句子的主语有

8、主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义：With the world changing fast, we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day.（09重庆卷）此处的不定式结构to deal with与其所修饰的词something new存在动宾关系，且to deal with与句中的主语we（代词）存在逻辑上的主谓关系，因此使用主动表示被动I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.（10山东卷） （3） 动词blame（责备

9、）与不定式连用，使用主动表示被动，常用于结构：sb be to blame for sthOfficials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.（朗文4，P199）政府官员认为这场火灾可能不止一个人负有责任。6. 不定式的几种形式不定式的基本式：to do；基本式的被动式：to be done不定式的进行式：to be doing不定式的完成式：to have doen; 不定式完成式的被动式：to have been done不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生；不定式

10、的进行式表示的动作一般与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行不定式的完成式表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，即该动作在过去已经发生或已经完成1. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.2. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.3. The boy claimed to have seen a UFO that night, but no one believed him.（动词不定式的完成式）4. The crowd chee

11、red wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.（07辽宁卷）5.Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not. He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official.（05江苏卷）7、不定式结构中的省略当不定式后面所跟的内容与上文中的内容重复时，可以使用不定式的省略结构，通常不定式的省略省到不定

12、式的标志to为止，如：Shes very strictwe dont dare to say a word unless she asks us to.（外研M2）她非常严格除非她要求我们，否则我们一句话也不敢说。Would you go to visit the Great Wall with us.Yes, Im glad to.你想和我们一起去游览长城吗？是的，我想去。但是，如果在省略的不定式结构中有be, have时，需要保留这些词：Hasnt he finished writing the report? 他还没写完那个报告吗？No, but he ought to have. 是的

13、，但是他本来应该写完的。Are you a taxi driver? 你是一名驾驶员吗？No, but I used to be. 不是的，但是我以前是的。8. 几个独立的不定式短语有些不定式结构独立存在，没有逻辑上的主语，为独立结构，与主句的主语不发生联系，仅仅是在句中表达独立的含义，如：to tell you the truth实话告诉你；to be frank/honest 坦白说/老实说；to begin/start with 首先；to be brief简言之；to sum up/to conclude总之；to be exact确切地说；to say nothing of （=no

14、t to mention; much less; let alone） 更不用说To be perfectly frank, I think its a bad idea. 坦率地说，我认为这个主意不好。To begin with, I would like to thank Professor Smith for offering me the chance to do this study, and for all the support throughout the study period.首先，我要感谢斯密斯教授给我提供做这个研究的机会，感谢他在整个研究阶段所给予的帮助。He doe

15、snt know English, to say nothing of German.他不懂英语，更不用说德语了。动名词1. 动名词作主语Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. （M7,2011年3版 P63）携带过重的负载在自行车上会使得自行车的控制变得更加困难。有时用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动名词置于句尾，如：It is no use doing sth做某事是没有用的 It is no good doing sth做某事是没有好处的Its worthwhi

16、le to do sth/doing sth 做某事是值得的31. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use arguing with him.（06上海卷）2. 动名词作宾语动名词作宾语常跟在一些固定的动词、动词短语或介词后面后面，后面跟带动名词的常见动词主要有：1. admit承认8. finish完成15. stand2. appreciate感激9. suggest建议16. risk冒险3. avoid避免10. imagine想象17. advise4. consider考虑11. mind介意18

17、. require要求5. delay耽搁12. enjoy喜欢19. forbid禁止6. endure容忍13. practice练习20. allow允许7. escape逃避14. quit放弃21. permit允许介词后面通常跟带动名词作宾语，我们尤其要注意有些含有介词to的固定短语，因为介词to往往容易被误认为不定式to，以下为常见跟带介词to的短语：contribute toobject tostick toget down tolook forward topay attention tobe devoted tobe opposed tobe accustomed to/b

18、e used tobe addicted tobe related toBill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.（09上海卷）They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed to not talking at meals.（08江苏卷）既可跟带不定式也可跟带动名词，且含义有较大差别的动词：1. rememberremember to do记得要做某事remember doing记得做过某事2. forg

19、etforget to do忘记要做某事forget doing忘记做过某事3. regretregret to do很遗憾要做某事regret doing后悔做过某事4. stopstop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止做某事5. go ongo on to do继续做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事6. meanmean to do打算做某事mean doing意味着做某事7. trytry to do尽力做某事try doing尝试做某事8. cant helpcant help doing忍不住做某事cant help to do不能帮助做某事动名词的

20、复合结构：动名词的复合结构由“物主代词/名词的所有格+动名词”构成，这种结构可以在句中作主语、宾语或表语：His coming made me very happy. 他的到来让我很高兴。She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她似乎很反对你出国。I cant imagine Marys marrying such a young man. 我很难想象玛丽嫁给这样一个年轻人。在口语中，动名词的复合结构如果作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格形式，名词所有格常用名词的普通格来代替：I wonder, Mr. Adams, if yo

21、ud mind us asking a few questions.I cant imagine Mary marrying such a young man. 我很难想象玛丽嫁给这样一个年轻人。At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（07全国卷II） A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close现在分词1. 现在分词可

22、以充当定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，如：（1） 现在分词作定语单个现在分词作定语一般放在被修饰词前面，现在分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词后面：developing country; running water; living things; a sleeping boyWe can see the rising sun.（前置定语）我们可以看见正在冉冉升起的太阳。The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their chi

23、ldren.（09江西卷）（后置定语）The survey comparing the different prices of the same product was carried out by his company.（2） 现在分词作表语作表语的现在分词往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等：The volleyball match we watched yesterday was very interesting.（3） 现在分词作宾补现在分词可用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have, leave等动词后面

24、作宾语补足语，现在分词作宾补与其前面的宾语在逻辑上为主动关系：They use computer to keep traffic running smoothly.（09全国卷II）Dont keep the children working on their lessons all day.不要让孩子们一整天都在做功课。Some people find it exciting that they could make copies of themselves in the future.（牛津英语M5 05年1版，P50）When I was young, I preferred to wa

25、tch trains pulling in and out.（宾语补足语）小时候我喜欢看火车进站和出站的情景。（4） 现在分词作状语Walking in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.（伴随状语）18. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.（09上海卷）（结果状语）Not knowing her telephone number

26、, I had to call at her house.（注意否定词的位置）（原因状语）由于不知道她的电话号码，我只好到她家拜访。Not having received a reply from Mabel, Jack sent another e-mail to her.（原因状语）（否定词位于非谓语动词之前）Using a stick, the painter drew a horse on the ground in ten minutes.（方式状语）那位画家用一根木棍十分钟之内就在地上画了一匹马。2. 现在分词的完成式现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作存在先后关系，

27、分词的动作先于主句的谓语动词而发生：Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.（08福建卷）已经排队等了半个小时，这个老人突然想起他把支票忘在车里了。Having observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time.（牛津英语M5 05年1版，P30）注意：having been do