复合不定代词的习惯搭配文档格式.docx

1、4 this 和 that 有时作状语用,表示程度,意思是 这么 和 那么 。The dictionary is about this thick.反身代词用法探析在中学英语中, 有一类代词比较特殊, 因为在中文中找不到相应的对应词, 这类代词就是反 身代词。反身代词共有 9个,分别是:myself （我自己 , yourself （你自己 , himself （他自 己 , herself （她自己 , itself （它自己 , ourselves （我们自己 , yourselves （你们自己 , themselves （他们自己和 oneself （他、她、它自己 。在此,笔者归纳总

2、结了反身代词在句中的作用 与用法,希望能对大家有所帮助。一、作动词的宾语反身代词作动词的宾语,表示动作反射到动作执行者本身,一般放在这些动词的后面, 如:dess, enjoy, help, hurt, shave, teach, wash等等。例如:1. He fell down and hurt himself. 他摔了一跤,跌伤了。2. I teach myself French. 我自学法语。注意:有时小部分动词从词义上说总是动作及于主语自身, 或者说, 这类动作是 “惯行的常规” 。 那么,作宾语的反身代词可以省略,如在 dress , shave , wash 等动词之后。3. H

3、e shaves（himself every moming. 他每天早上刮脸。4. The girl often dresses（herself in red. 这个小女孩总是穿着红衣服。如果不考虑“动作的常规性质” ,就不能省去反身代词。5. The small boy is learning to dress himself.这小男孩此时正在学自己穿衣。有时动词后用人称代词宾格作宾语与用反身代词作宾语时, 两者含义是有区别的。 试对 比:6. They want to build them a house. 他们要为那些人盖一座房子。7. They want to build themse

4、lves a house. 他们要为自己盖一所房在一些固定的说法中,反身代词的意义有其特殊性。behave oneself, 规矩点。 8. She told the boy to behave himself. 她让这男孩子规矩点。enjoy oneself（=have a good time玩得高兴9. Tom enjoyed himself at the party. 汤姆在聚会上玩得很高兴。explain oneself为自己辩解10. Late, Tom? I hope you can explain yourself. 迟到了,汤姆 ? 希望你解释一下。二、作介词的宾语反身代词作介

5、词的宾语,表示与主语相同的事物。11. She was talking to herself. 她在自言自语。12. Take good care of yourself. 好好保重你自己。在表示处所的介词短语后, 当介词宾语和主语人称一致时, 常用人称代词代替反身代词。 例如:13. She looked about her. 她环顾四周。14. We placed our papers in front of us. 我们把文件放在面前。以上两句之所以用可以这样代替, 是因为人称指代明确, 不会有歧义。 但是也并非绝对。 同时,也存在用反身代词作宾语的情况。15. He has built

6、 a wall of English books around him（self . 他身边堆满了英语书。 16. Tom stepped back, gently closed the door behind him（self .汤姆退后几步,轻轻地 随手关上了门。在表示主语内心的情绪的介词短语后, 介词的宾语可用反身代词, 也可用人称代词。 例 如:17. As for me/myself, I never want to talk about it. 至于我 （自己 ,再也不想谈它了。 18. For someone like me/myself , one good meal a da

7、y is quite enough.对于像我 （自己 这样的人,一天足吃一顿好饭就够了。反身代词作介词的宾语也常用于一些惯用语组中。by oneself独自地、自动地19. This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一部自动化的机器。of oneself启动地、自然而然地20. The disease will not die of himself. 疾病不会自然消亡。for oneself为自己、亲自地21. She felt sorry for herself. 她为自己感到难过。in oneself本性、本身22. It is not a bad

8、 idea in itself. 这主意本身不错。to oneself独占、独有23. How I wish to have a house to myself!多么希望能独有自己的房子呀 !beside oneself精神失常、发狂24. He was beside himself with joy. 他欣喜若狂。above oneself自高自大25. He s bit above himself now. 他现在有点自视过高。三、作主语的同位语反身代词作主语的同位语时常放在主语后或句末, 用来加强语气, 表示“亲自、 本人” 。26. We ourselves can solve thi

9、s problem. 我们自己就能解决这个问题。27. Lily herself is a typist. 莉莉本人就是一个打字员。四、作宾语的同位语反身代词作宾语的同位语时只放在宾语之后, 也是用来加强语气, 表示“亲自、 本人” 。28. He went to see the artist himself. 他去看望了那位画家本人。29. You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。五、作表语反身伐词作表语,常用在习语中,比如在 be , feel , seen 等系动词之后。30. I m not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不

10、好。31. You don t seem yourself today. 你今天看上去似乎不大舒服。六、反身代词作主语反身代词作主语比较少见, 可代替人称代词, 这类用法中的反身代词常含有强调的意味, 一般反身代词常被用作并列主语的第二部分,前有 and , or,nor 等连接,例如:32. Mary and myself went shopping yesterday. 昨天我和玛丽在一起逛街。33. Both my sister and myself asked to go to work in the countryside.我和我妹妹都要求去 农村工作。不定代词 something,

11、 anything 及 nothing 特殊用法归纳一 . something1. something 不简单的事 , 可观的成绩 , 有些地位的人At least we didnt lose any money. Thats something.Its something to have got $500 from them.She thinks shes something since she won the beauty contest.2. 用于成语或词组 :have something on 拿着某人的把柄Although Miss Brown is not a good worke

12、r, her boss not fire her because she has something on him.make something of1 小题大做 , 瞎猜测When girls see another girl with a boy, they often try to make something of it. 2 藉 吵架 /生气Ann didnt like what Mary said about her. She tried to make something of what Mary said.3 看懂意思I apologize for the untidiness

13、 of my letter , but I hope you can make something of it .make something of oneself/ ones life 取得成功 , 有出息Hes a clever boy-I hope hell make something of himself.or something 之类的人（东西、情况等Mr Green is a shopkeeper or something.I hear he has broken an arm or something.see something of someone 有时见到某人I hope

14、wellsomething for nothing 不冒风险（不下功夫就有收获Some people will never learn that you cant get something for nothing. something like1 大约,约摸It cost something like ten pounds.2 有点像The building looked something like a church.something like that/ this大致如此I see them once every two months, or something like that.I

15、ll whistle the tune for you; it goes something like this.something of 有点 ,可说是一个,在某种程度上是Hes something of a liar, dont you think?The soldier found himself something of a hero when he returned to his village. something tells me我想/感到,我有理由相信Something tells me my watch isnt quite right.Something tells me

16、shes lying.something to/ in （话里有些道理There is something to / in what you say: Ill take your advice.have/ be something to do with 和 有关 /联系I think Guy Fawkes is/ has something to do with a plan to blow up Parliament. 二、 anything用于成语:be anything but 根本不是,一点也不I dont mean hes lazy-anything but!/ 他一点也礼貌。be

17、（asas anything 口语 不得了Its （as easy as anything.if anything 如果有什么不同的话If anything, my new job is harder than my old one.like anything 拼命地The thief ran like anything when he saw the policeman.or anything 或是其他别的事If Bernard wants to call me or anything, Ill be here all day.三、 nothingbe nothing to1 不引起 的兴趣

18、,对 无所谓 相当于 mean nothing toThe news is/ means nothing to him. 他对这消息不感兴趣 /无所谓。 2无法和 相比My losses are nothing to e to nothing失败,没有结果All his schemes came to nothing.for nothing1 免费,不花代价,没花钱They will repair the building for the old man for nothing. I got this bicycle for nothing: a friend gave it to me.2

19、白白地,白费We have taken all this trouble for nothing.3 无缘无故地They quarreled for nothing.go for nothing 白费,All our work has gone for nothing.What the teacher said went for nothing because the pupils did not pay attention. have nothing on 不比 强Even though she is older, Jane has nothing on Peter in school.ha

20、ve nothing to do 和 没关系This has nothing to do with you.make nothing of1 不在意,觉得 没什么He makes /thinks nothing of walking 15 miles.2 一点不懂I could make nothing of what he said.mean nothing to1 对 没有意义These technical words mean nothing to me.2 不引起兴趣,对 无所谓 相当于 be nothing toHe used to like Jane but she means/

21、is nothing to him now.nothing but 只有,只不过Dont have him for a friend: hes nothing but a criminal.nothing doing 不行“Will you lend me 10 dollars?” “Nothing doing”nothing for it 没有别的办法with the bridge destroyed, there was nothing for it but to swim.nothing if not 非常 , 极其The young doctor is nothing if not w

22、ise.nothing like1 没有什么能赶得上Theres nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested.2 绝不会,没有（那么多,那么好His new book is nothing like as good as his earlier books.nothing much 不多,没什么“Anything interesting happening?” “No, nothing much.”nothing of the kind 哪里,没有的事,不行“Im sorry to cause you trouble.” “My dear fr

23、iend, its nothing of the kind.” “Im going out.” “Youll do nothing of the kind! You must stay at home.” nothing succeeds like success 一事成功什么都顺利The girls all like Bob because he is football captain. Nothing succeeds like success.nothing to do with 和 没关系 .That idea has/ is nothing to do with me.think n

24、othing of 觉得 不怎么样,不在乎,觉得没什么He thought nothing of the poem.Think nothing of it. 不用谢,没关系“You didnt mind my using your typewriter?” “Of course not! Think nothing of it!”to say nothing of 还不说,除了It is a well-paid job,to say nothing ofthe short hours.He had his wife and seven children with him in the car,

25、 to say nothing of two dogs, a cat and a parrot.副词 nowhere 的特殊用法1 get/ lead nowhere 没有结果He knew they were getting nowhere.That kind of talk will get/ lead you nowhere.2 go nowhere 不起什么作用In a costly place like this, $50 goes nowhere.3 nowhere near = not anywhere near 根本不 , 一点也不$100 is nowhere near en

26、ough.He lives nowhere near London.4 out of /from nowhere 突然（出现） 突然（出现） Mr. Jones was driving too fast on the express highway when a police patrol car appeared out of nowhere and stopped him. few, little, a few, a little 可数名词, （a few + 可数名词 , （a little + 不可数名词 a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点 few / little

27、 为否定含义，没有多少了。 He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 few 后经常跟名词复数。 典型例题: 典型例题 : Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 答案： A. spend 所指的是钱， 不可数， 只能用 little 或 a little. 本 句为 although 引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用 little 表示几乎不。 固定搭配: 固定搭配 : only a few （=few not a few （=many quite a few （=many many a （=many Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。 not a little Not a bit