1、很多表示物(如下)、身体部位(如下)、某类人(如下)的名词可以用作动词表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下)也可作动词。Did u b a seat n the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?Please hand e the b请把那本书递给我。She nursed her husband ba t health她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。e lunhed tgether我们在一起吃了午餐。3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。e ill tr ur best t better ur living nditins我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。u
2、rder ill ut(谚语)恶事终必将败露。)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下);某些形容词如ld, ung, pr, rih, unded, inured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下)。u shuld be dressed in bla at the funeral你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。The ld in ur village are living a happ life我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。2派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改
3、变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, i-, in-, ir-, is-, nn-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失 rret正确的inrret不正确的 lead带领islead领错 stp停下nn-stp不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), aut- (自动), - (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。aln
4、e单独的antigas防毒气的 authart自动图表 perate合作en使高兴internet互联网reuse再用 suba地铁telephne电话2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原词义相反的新词。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ene,-(e)r/ -r (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一),-ian (精通的人),-ist (专业人员),-ent (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tin(动作;过程)等。differ不同于dif
5、ferene区别 rite写riter作家 apan日本apanese日本人at表演atress女演员 uth口uthful一口 usi音乐usiian音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-f (使化),-ize (使成为)。 ideiden加宽 beautbeautif美化 purepurif提纯realrealize意识到 rganrganize组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(i)al,-ish,-ive,
6、-less (表示否定),-lie (像的),-l,-us,-se,- (表示天气)等。nature自然natural自然的 reasn道理reasnable有道理的 Aeria美国Aerian美国的 hina中国hinese中国人的 gld金子glden金的 east东eastern东方的 hild孩子hildish孩子气的 sn雪sn雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-l (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ard(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。 angr生气的angril生气地 t到tards朝,向 east东方eastard向东()构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-
7、t (几十),-th (构成序数词)。susix六sixteen十六sixteenth第十六 fur四frt四十frtieth第四十 3合成法1)合成名词构成方式例词名词名词eeend周末 名词动词dabrea黎明名词动名词handriting书法 名词及物动词err pain-iller止痛药名词介词名词editr-in-hief总编辑 代词名词she-lf母狼 动词名词tperiter打字机 动名词名词reading-r阅览室现在分词名词fling-fish飞鱼 形容词名词gentlean绅士副词动词utbrea爆发 介词名词afternn下午2)合成形容词名词形容词sn-hite雪白的
8、名词现在分词English-speaing讲英语的名词t名词fae-t-fae面对面的 名词过去分词an-ade人造的数词名词ne-a单行的 数词名词形容词t-ear-ld两岁的数词名词ed five-streed五层的 动词副词see-thrugh透明的形容词名词high-lass高级的 形容词名词ed nble-inded高尚的形容词形容词light-blue浅蓝色的 形容词现在分词gd-ling相貌好看的副词形容词ever-green常青的 副词现在分词hard-ring勤劳的副词过去分词ell-nn著名的 副词名词fast-fd专门提供快餐服务的介词名词dnhill下坡的3)合成动词名
9、词动词sleep-al梦游 形容词动词hite-ash粉刷 副词动词verthr推翻4)合成副词形容词名词htft匆忙地 形容词副词everhere到处 副词副词hever尽管如此介词名词befrehand事先 介词副词frever永远)合成代词代词宾格self herself她自己 物主代词self self我自己 形容词名词anthing任何东西6)合成介词副词名词inside在里面 介词副词ithin在之内 副词介词int进入 4截短法(缩略法)截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1)截头telephnephne aerplaneplane nib
10、usbus 2)去尾atheatisaths -perate-p exainatinexa ilgrail labratrlab taxiabtaxi3)截头去尾influenzaflu refrigeratrfridge presriptinsript 混合法(混成法)混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。nes bradastnesast新闻广播 televisin bradastteleast电视播送se and fgsg烟雾 helipter airprtheliprt直升飞机场 6首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个
11、新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。ver iprtant persnVIP (读字母音)要人;大人物 televisinTV (读字母音)电视Testing f English as a Freign LanguageTEFL托福 三巩固练习1That an as_enugh nt t tell the anager that he uld nt d the bAareBarefularelessDarelessness2The sldier died fr saving the hild,s his_ is heavier than unt TaiAdie Bde
12、ad died Ddeath3The hild led_at his brther h as badl undedAsadl Bsadness sadl Dsad4He is an expert at heistre all all hi a _Aheistr Bheialheist DphsiianThe three- _hair isnt suitable fr a ung hildHe a fall ffAlegging Blegged legs Dleged6Stephensn beae the_raila engineer in the rldAlead Bleader leadin
13、g Dleadership7hen the teaher praised hi fr ring ut the aths prble,a led_abut at his lassates Aprud Bprudl pride Dpridel8T evernes _,the girl finished the b quite ellAsatisfied Bsatisfatrsatisfing Dsatisfatin9hat are u ding here?h, teaher ased e t rite a passage abut _in Englishu an rite_passage in E
14、nglish?A600 rds;a 600-rdsB600-rd;a 600-rds600 rds;a 600-rdD600 rds;10N ne shuld enter the spt ithut the_f the plieAperit Bperissinperitting Dperittene11u ust e ith us t the plie _ur head is aiting fr uAheadquarters Bheadlineheadaster Dheadahe12Letting that anial esape as n aident;u did it _Aintend B
15、intentinintentinall Dintentinal13The shp ner eled all the guests ith a_sileApratie Bpratisepratial Dpratied14The_rdered hi t pa a $100 fineAudger Budgentudge Dudgeent1 TV is ut f rderan u tell e hat is the_nes abut Iraq ar?Alatel Blatestlater Dlatter16The Great all is re than 6000 li in _ Alnger Ble
16、ngthlng Dlnging17T _,I passed the exa easilA Bfulless Dness18anada is ainl an_untrAEnglish-speaing Bspea-Englishspen-English DEnglish-spen19H_ he is! He is alas ating_He is reall a _Aflish;flishl;fl Bfl;flish;flfl;fl Dflishl;20The nelae that she lst is ver expensiveIts f great _Avaluable Bvaluevalue
17、less Dunvaluable21There ere_fish in the river in Suth AeriaAin danger Bdangerdangerus Ddangerless22The letter “b” in the rd “dubt” is_Asund Bsilentsilene Dsunded23The hild led at e_Astranger Bstrangelstrange Dstrangeless24The bla peple ere against slaver and fught fr their_bravelAfree Bfreelfreed Df
18、rees2hat u said sunded_ but in fat it as untrueAreasnable Breasnfulreasnless Dunreasn26e have t learn_tehnlg fr ther untriesAadvane Badvaningadvantage Dadvaned27The hildren live in a village _The e here alst ever daAnearb Bnearnearl Dnear b28r Bla is an _in the ar,nt an_in the gvernentu an nt easil find hi in his_Affiial;ffier;ffie Bffier;ffie;ffiial suffiial;ffiial Dffier;ffie29ud better give up sing if u ant t eep _Ahealth Bhealthhealthil Dhealthier30_ speaing,I didnt d it n purpseAHnestlBHnest Hnest DDishnest参考答案1- BDAB 6-10 BDB 11-1 ADB 16-20 BAAAB
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