一时态讲解现在完成时.docx

1、一时态讲解现在完成时一、时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式Ihavenot(havent)studied.HaveIstudied?Youhavenot(havent)studied.Haveyoustudied?Hehasnot(hasnt)studied.Hashestudied?否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）HaveInot(Havent

2、I)studied?Yes,youhave.No,youhavent.Haveyounot(Haventyou)studied?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Hashenot(Hasnthe)studied?Yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一

3、段时间的状语连用，如recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。如：Ihaventheardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaventseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.注意：a) since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如tenyears,awh

4、ile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenem

5、pty_manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_for4months.

6、Theyhave_onlyfor5minutes2）have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have(has)gone”。试比较：Wherehashebeen?他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Wherehashegone?他上哪儿去了？（人不在）TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,

7、in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein，但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了。Ihaventreadityet.我还没读过这个。Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.马红一直是个好学生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在街上看见他。Theyhaveneverbee

8、ntoYanan.他们从未去过延安。Ihaventseenhimlately.我近来没看到他。IrregularVerbsBaseFormPastFormPastParticiplebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfe

9、llfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewrot

10、eam,iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2._he_(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.WheresLiMing?He_(go)totheteachersoffice.5.I_(work)heresinceI_(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_(make)quiteafewfri

11、endshere.7.Howlong_theWangs_(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I_just_(finish)myhomework.9.He_(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10._you_(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.12.Thestudents_(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey_(climb)thetree.14.Mymother_(come)toseemenextSunday.

12、15.Ivelostmypen._you_(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_here?A.come B.got C.arrived D.been2.Mygrandpadied_.A.attheageofmy2 B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2. D.myagewas6.3.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_Ilastsawher.A.after B.sinceC.

13、forD.that5.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.I_herseveraltimes.A.met B.havemet C.hadmet D.willmeet6.-Whatanicedress!Howlong_you_it?-Just2weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had7.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandI_friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecome C.havebeen D.haveturned8.TheSmiths_inChinafor8years.A.haslived B.lived C.havebeen D.live9.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He_theBainiao Park.A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.willgoto10.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,goingIII.Rew