Lesson 1416Word下载.docx

1、answer sth. e.g. answer the letter 回信reply to sth. e.g. I will reply to the letter. 回信language n. 语言native language 母语e.g. My native language is Chinese.mother tongue 母语（口语中用）journey n. 旅行journey n. 所有的旅行，偏重于陆地旅行go on a journey2 hours journey；3 days journey（三天路程）trip n. 短距离旅行或出差（时间或距离上较短）go on a tri

2、p = go on businesstravel n. 周游（长途旅行）tour n. 游玩（为了玩）tourist n. 游客voyage n. 旅行（海上）flight n. 空中飞行【课文讲解】1、After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.after引导的从句如果一个是过去时，一个是过去完成时，那一定是从句用过去完成时；before引导的从句表示“在之前”，主句发生在从句之前, 主句用过去完成时。e.g. After he had gone, I went on

3、 to read.Before he came back , I had finished all my work.drive on 继续开往（on加在动词的后面表示继续）e.g. My heart will go on 我心永恒drive to 开车去某地 副词on紧跟在动词后面时可以表示“向前”、“继续下去”等意义：e.g. He talked on until everybody had gone. 他滔滔不绝地讲到大家都走了。 I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read. 我朋友来看

4、我时我正在看书。他走了以后我便继续看书。表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词, in（在里面）,on（接壤），to（没有相接的, 是相离的）A is to the east of B A在B的东方（A与B不相接）A is on the east of B A在B的东方（A与B接壤）A is in the east of B A在B的东方（A在B的里面）2、On the way, a young man waved to me.on the way 在路上, 在途中 wave to sb. 冲某人挥手3、As soon as he had got into the car, I said good

5、morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.as soon as 一就，后面一定要加一个句子（时间状语从句）, 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的，“一” 后面的先发生e.g. As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.只要是状语从句, 一旦遇到将来时, 变为一般现在时e.g. As soon as you arrive,you must call me. 你一到就打我电话reply 要想加宾语要加 to （+要回答的内容），而in the s

6、ame language 在句中作状语, 不是replay所应回答的问题（宾语）, 故用in4、Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.apart from 除以外Except, Except for, besides与Apart from（special difficulties）except不用于句首，except for和apart from则可以。1. except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表

7、示递加的概念，含义是肯定的试比较：We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了 （他没有去） We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了 （他也去了）2.besides常与othermoreelse等词连用 except常与alleveryeveryonenonenobodyeverythingnothing等总括词连用。eg. He had other people to take care of besides me. All the students in Class One went to the cinema except L

8、i Ping. 3.except for主要有三层含义表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定 起部分修正主要意思的作用 eg. Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes. 4. apart from习惯上喜欢放句首兼有besides和except for两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，还有这个人也做了（包括），是加号=besides；如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，这个人没有做（排除），是减号=except；如果放在句首，统一用apa

9、rt from代替except/besidesExercise:1.being a little large，the hat looks nice. A. Apart from B. Except C. But D. Besides for 2. He gets up early every daySunday. A. besides B. except for C. except that D. except 3. We need fifteen more peopleour team to do the job. A. besides B. except for C. except tha

10、t D. except 4. He did have nothing to eat but. A. to steal some food from the shop B. to rob some food of the shop C. steal some food from the shop D. rob some food of the shop5. Jane was quite alone in the worldan aunt in Brazil. A. except B. except for C. besides D. instead of not at all 一点都不，表强调e

11、.g. I dont like it. I dont like it at all.5. Neither of us spoke during the journey. （special difficulties）Which of，Either of，Neither of与Both of 上面这些短语都可用于指两个人或两件事either of 两者当中的任何一个 neither of 两者都不which of 那一个 both of 两者都 当询问在两个或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时，可用whiche.g. I like both of these bags. Which of t

12、he two do you prefer? either（肯定）与neither（否定）都是对两个人或物而言（后接单数名词，谓语用单数）either of sb. 当中的任何一个neither of sb. 两者之间都不, （一旦出现, 这句话里面不会再出现not）t like the book. My sister doesnt like it either.Neither of us likes it. （注意要用单数） both只指两个人或物。当它用在名词前时，of 可有可无；当用在代词前面时，其后必须加ofe.g. Both books/Both of the books are in

13、teresting.Both of us/them left early.none of 三者或三者以上之间都不 6、I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English?nearly 将要 你说英语吗? 你是说英语国家的人吗?（问的是一个事实，不是问会说英语吗）Do you swim? 你去游泳吗?Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?7、As I soon learnt, he was English himself!I learn 我得知； I

14、 know 我知道（我本来就知道）As+主语+动词，从句 （As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt） 正如As we know,the New Concept English is very good. 正如我们所知 As I think,it is the coldest day in the year.As he said, English is easy to learn.himself反身代词单独放在句尾, 起强调作用I read English myself.【Key structures】过去完成时 定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或

15、某一动作之前已经发生或完成的 动作、事情。它表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时。 构成：过去完成时的构成: had +.（过去分词） 用法：1.与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：by then, by before nine oclock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived 2.在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。Wh

16、en I returned home, my guest had already left.I did not see the film because I had seen it before.3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。She said （that） she had never been to Paris.He asked what I had said.现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。4. 用于对过去时态的虚拟语气的从句中。e.g. If I h

17、ad more time yesterday, I could have done it better.1. I _ 900 English words by the time I was tenA. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt2. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 3He asked me _

18、during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 4.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living【Special Difficulties】 Ask与Ask For：ask v. 问，询问；请求，要求，邀请 ask a question/ask sb. 问（一个问题）/问某人I asked （Mary） a que

19、stion. They asked Tony to sing a song. They asked her to spend the weekend with them.ask for 要，要求（某样东西） ask for the answer I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea. You are always asking for help.Translation1. The article is very good except for his handwriing.2. I found nothing am

20、using in the park.3. None of my letters have been replied to.4. As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.5. The village has experienced great changes since 1980.Lesson 15 Good newssecretary n. 秘书 secret n. 秘密（注意发音与secretary的不同）nervous adj. 精神紧张的 nervousness adj. 神经质的，神经紧张的e.g. S

21、he is a nervous woman. 紧张的，担心的，情绪不安的He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.nervous adj. 精神紧张的（事情发生时）worried adj. 担心的（为以后的事情）irritable adj. 易怒的，急躁的e.g. Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.afford v. 负担得起 vt. 买得起（常与can/cant连用）afford sth. e.g. I can afford the coat

22、.afford to do sth.e.g. I can afford to buy the book. vt. 担负得起（损失、后果等），花得起（时间）（常与can/cant连用）afford money/time I can afford the hoilday. （有时间去）I can afford five yuan.I can only afford one week for the trip. vt. 提供，给予Joe afforded us a room for the night.interrupt v. 插话, 打断 interruption n. 中断，打断interrup

23、t v. 打断某人的话disturb v. 打扰某人e.g. Sorry to disturb you.1、The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.would在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示“想”、“要”的意思：What would you like to have?John wouldnt lend me his bicycle.2、He did not look up from his desk when I entered.look up表示原先在埋头干什么，之后抬头看e.g. He looked up （fr

24、om his book） when he heard a noise.look down 往地上看（look up的反义词）look down upon/on sb. 瞧不起某人e.g. I look down upon my sister.3、After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.Business is very good! 生意好!4、He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.collect salary 领薪水pay

25、salary 支付薪水large一般指东西的数量大so的后面加形容词或副词；such的后面加名词, 容许在该名词前面加修饰词5、I knew that my turn had come.turn n. 轮流，轮班，（依次轮流时各自的）一次机会My turn has come.It is my turn. 轮到我了（口语常用形式）6、Mr.Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice.in a voice 用的声音in a loud（大声）/low （低声）/weak（强调心里不踏实）/strong（理直气壮） voice7、Then he smiled and told

26、 me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!以下几个词都可表示 “再, 又” 的意思, 注意用法 :数量+extra+名词 再有多少 On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.间接引语复习要点阐述今天我们复习直接引语和间接引语，我们复习如下的内容：一、直接引语和间接引语的特点1直接引语的特点2间接引语的特点二、直接引语与间接引语的转换1人称变化2时态变化3指示代词的变化4时间状语的变化5地点状语的变化6方向性动词的变化三、不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语1陈述句2疑问句3祈使句4感叹句直

27、接引语和间接引语是人们用来直接引述或间接转述别人话语的重要形式，这两种形式各有特点。直接引语用来直接引述别人的话语，一般说来具有以下五个特点：（1）被引用的话放在引号内；（2）被引用的话是原话，不作任何改动；（3）引用的话之前用“，”或“：”；（4）引用的话结束后，需用“”、“!”、“?”等标点符号；e.g.Laura said,“I will visit China this summer.”间接引讲用来转述别人的话语，它主要有如下几个特点：（1）在引述谓语和被引用的话语之问不用逗号、冒号、引号等；（2）有时态的变化；（3）有人称、时间、地点等的变化；（4）常用的引述动词有say（说道），a

28、sk（问道），shout（喊道），cry（喊道），order（命令），add（补充道），smile（微笑道），laugh（大笑道）等。e.g.Laura said she would visit China that summer. 二、直接引语与间接引语的转换直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语，此时应注意人称、时态、地点状语和时间状语的变化，同时还应注意不同句式的变化。1人称的变化直接引语中的代词变为间接引语时，要根据句意情景进行变化。变化规则如下表所示：直接引语第一人称第三人称或第一人称第二人称第三人称e.g.I said,“I wont lose heart.”I said that 1 would