破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法Word下载.docx

1、fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in theUS in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex作economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal

2、Study of Adolescent Health作findings的定语；a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study ofAdolescent Health的同位语；charting.作project 的定语；who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。方法3：寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙

3、熟于心。 Whetheryou get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your selfgrowth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obeyrequirements.【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。【分析】此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从句，how well 引导从句作介词of 的宾语。方法4：看搭配，防分隔 有

4、时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。 Somecompanies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to somedegree, their main selling points and emphasize it in theiradvertising.【句意】一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。【分析】其实本句是一个主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语句型ma

5、ke+宾语+宾补，即使成为，只不过宾语和宾补被to somedegree隔开而已。方法5：关键词，抓线索 有时某些句子句意模糊，让人理不清头绪，这时只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。 MissDermains mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordells parentsare reported to be less than delighted.【句意】Dermain的妈妈在整个婚礼显得很焦虑，据说Cordell 的父母的情绪也不是很高涨。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读

6、过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。 Thefact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as domembers of another does not mean that they do not experienceemotions.【句意】一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。【分析】本句的主干为The fact does not mean that.，其中，that they d

7、o not experienceemotions是从句作mean的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions asopenly as do members of another为fact的同位语从句，其中as do members ofanother是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express theiremotions。20162013年高考英语真题阅读理解长难句精析21句 1.2016全国卷IB篇 Havingyour grandchildren fa

8、r away is hard, especially knowing your adult child isstruggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.【分析】but前面是第一分句，but后面是第二分句。动名词短语Having your grandchildren faraway是第一分句的主语，现在分词短语especially knowing your adult child isstruggling是第一分句中的状语；动名词短语giving up the life you know是第二分句的主语，youknow是定语

9、从句，修饰先行词the life。【译文】与孩子们距离远是痛苦的，尤其是知道你的成年子女日子艰难，但是放弃你熟悉的生活可能会更艰难。 2.C篇 Forthis courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got somethingthat is potentially going to save somebodys life. 【分析】Forthis courier job是介词短语，在句中作状语；that in that box youve got something that ispotentially going

10、 to save somebodys life是宾语从句，in that box是宾语从句中的地点状语，youve gotsomething是宾语从句中的主谓宾；that is potentially going to save somebodyslife是定语从句，修饰前面的something。【译文】对于这份传递员的工作而言，你会自觉地意识到你手中的那个箱子装着可能挽救某人生命的东西。 3.D篇Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenlystops, what may be impl

11、ied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to considerwhat has been said before continuing.【分析】when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenlystops是时间状语从句，what may be implied是主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语，that the person wants thelistener to consider what has been said before continuing是表语

12、从句，表语从句中含有宾语从句whathas been said before continuing，what在宾语从句中作主语。【译文】所以当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停住了，可能那个人是在继续（讲话）之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。 4.全国卷II Hispresence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whosecreativity would infect（感染） other students.【分析】句中that引导宾语从句，且whose引导定语从句，修饰an unexpected tea

13、ching assistant。【译文】他的存在意味着我在班级有一位意想不到的教学助手，并且他的创造力会感染其他的学生。 5. Thenthe person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have anadventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.【分析】句中现在分词短语hopingthat.在句中作状语，且其中的that引导宾语从句，且从句中的现在分词短语traveling.在从句中充当状语，而who引导定语从句，修饰eac

14、hnew reader。【译文】然后，这个人把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书会经历一次冒险，与发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。 6.全国卷IIIA篇 CCMorganizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalleQuartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicianspresenting Baroque through modern music.【分析】本句为一个含有较长介词短语的简单句，including至句末为

15、介词短语，performances后的by.是介词短语作后置定语，presentingBaroque through modern music为现在分词短语作名词的后置定语。【译文】CCM组织了多样的活动，包括知名的LaSalle四重奏乐团和CCM爱乐管弦乐团的演出，还有各种代表巴罗克风格到现代音乐的音乐家团体所进行的演出。 7. Headingback downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn ofevents that had changed their Big Apple dinner

16、into a Mississippi statereunion（团聚）.【分析】本句为复合句，逗号前为现在分词短语作时间状语，定语从句that had changed their Big Apple dinner into aMississippi state reunion（团聚）在句中修饰先行词the turn of events.【译文】在返回市区宾馆的途中，韦尔蒂的大都市的朋友们惊讶于他们活动的转变，他们的聚会早已由纽约式的宴会变成了密西西比人的地方性团聚。 8.Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple

17、hats, Weltyspeople come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks throughthe streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on abus.【分析】句中的Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purplehats与Weltys people构成同位关系，三个from介词短语与come连用，表明小说中人物角色来源的多面性。【译文

18、】Welty小说中的角色美容师、酒吧招待、钢琴演奏者及那些戴着紫色帽子的人源自于她与老朋友共度的下午，源自于她在土生土长的密西西比州杰克逊城的大街小巷散步的过程中，还源自于她在公交车上无意间听到的闲谈。 9. Topeople who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious andRoyal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range ofclassical apples still in existence,

19、 such as Decio which was grown by theRomans.【分析】本句主干为it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical applesstill in existence，句中不定式短语作真正的主语，it为形式主语；该句前面为介词短语Topeople，而people后又接了一个定语从句，该句后面为such as短语，用于举例。【译文】对于那些已习惯了选择超市里有限的苹果种类如Golden Delicious和RoyalGala的人来说，目睹Decio这种过去由罗马人种植的传统苹果品种如今依然

20、存在可能会令他们大开眼界。 10.Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication e-mails, Web posts andreviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positivethan negative（消极的）, but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positivenews.【分析】本句为连词but连接的两个并列分句，第一个分句为含有一个宾语从句的复合句，主句的主语是Resear

21、chers，其后的现在分词短语analyzingword-of-mouthcommunication作定语，谓语是found，后面是that引导的宾语从句；第二个分句也是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。【译文】分析口述交际如电子邮件、网帖、评论和面谈的研究者发现，它倾向于更积极而不是消极（的内容），但这并不一定意味着人们更偏爱积极的消息。 11.2015新课标全国卷I Thesewere the real deal and at that moment, I realized that the best part ofSarasota in winter was going to be eating

22、 things that back home in New York Iwouldnt be experiencing again for months.【分析】破折号后面的句子对前句进行解释。破折号后为主从复合句。主句I realized后跟that引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中含有that引导的定语从句修饰先行词things。【译文】这些都是货真价实的瓜果蔬菜就在那一刻，我意识到，萨拉索塔的冬天最美妙之处在于可以吃到新鲜的瓜果蔬菜，而我一旦回到纽约的家中，连续几个月都无法品尝到这些瓜果蔬菜。 12.新课标全国卷II I wasable to buy it a little over a ye

23、ar ago because I had my relatives give me moneyfor my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.【分析】这是一个主从复合句。连词because引导原因状语从句，同时该从句又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clothes。【译文】我能够在一年多前买下它（电视机）是因为我让我的亲戚们在我生日时给我钱而不是买大量不合身的衣服。 13. Darkenvironments are more likely to encourage overeating, for peopl

24、e are often lessself-conscious（难为情） when theyre in poorly lit places and so more likely toeat lots of food.for为并列连词，表示原因，when在句中引导时间状语从句。【译文】昏暗的环境更有可能刺激人们暴饮暴食，因为在这种光线暗淡的地方人们往往会不那么难为情，所以就更有可能吃大量的食物。 14.gap-year phenomenon originated（起源） with the months left over to Oxbridgeapplicants between entrance

25、 exams in November and the start of the next academicyear.【分析】主语是The gap-year phenomenon，谓语是originated，后面是介词短语作状语。【译文】间隔年现象起源于牛桥申请者在十一月入学考试和下一个学年开始前的这几个月。 15. Visitthe palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze（迷宫）where it is easy to get lost!定语从句which include the famous

26、maze修饰先行词historic gardens，定语从句whereit is easy to get lost修饰先行词maze。【译文】（你可以）参观宫殿和各种（皇家）历史花园，花园中有著名的迷宫，在那里（游客）容易迷失方向！ 16.2014 Hereported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strangecity, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organisedagain from a di

27、stant country while trying to settle down in a newone.lost and lonely in a strange city做伴随状语；thinking of the terribletroubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distantcountry是现在分词做伴随状语；while trying to settle down in a new one是状语从句的省略。【译文】他向警方报案，然后坐在那里，很失落，在陌生的城市也很孤单，想想从一个遥远的国家把那么多文件重新整理一遍会有多大麻烦，而自己还要试图在一个新的国度安家。 17.新课标全国