1、6非谓语动词用法总结一非谓语动词区别简表 类别区别to dodoingdone含义主动被动同位或将来主动或(正在)进行被动或完成成分(名词)主语、宾语、表语(不定式)定语、状语、补语(动名词)主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)(现在分词)定语、状语、补语(过去分词)作定语、状语、补语、表语(多表状态)否定(not)to do(not)doing(not)done时态一般:to do进行:to be doing完成:to have done完成进行:to have been doing一般:doing进行:本身完成:having done(只作状语)完成进行:无一般:done进行:无完成:本身 语
2、态一般被动:to be done 进行被动:无完成被动:to have been done完成进行被动:无一般被动:being done 进行被动:本身完成被动:having been done完成进行被动:无本身作用作目的状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语 作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语二不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词不定式
3、等。1.作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。)(2)不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。eg:It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。)It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。)It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.
4、(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。)2.作宾语(1)常只用不定式作宾语的动词有:want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。 eg:He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用it代替,放在后面。 eg;I find it difficult to do
5、the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词不定式to do结构”具有名词特征,可作宾语。eg:She didnt know whether to go or not. They havent decided when and where to build the school.(4)不定式可作介but,except,besides“除之外”的宾语,介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式,后边的不定式就无to,否则必带to。eg:I want to do nothing but play the computer games。 I have no choice but to wait。3.动词不
6、定式作表语(1)不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后,说明主语的内容。同样,“特殊疑问词不定式”具有名词特征,也可作表语。eg:My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. (2)不定式作主语时,表语也必须为不定式,结构必须保持一致。eg:To see is to believe.(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形
7、式,那么作表语的不定式可以省去to.eg:The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。eg:I have something important to tell you.(不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。) His wish to be an artist has never come true.( 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系。) He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式与被修饰
8、名词构成主动关系。) The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。)(注:若不定式为不及物动词,其后须加上相应的介词。)5.不定式作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开。eg:We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.(目的) To get a good result,she worked very hard.(目的) I feel it an ho
9、nor to be invited to the party.(条件) She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因) He worked hard only to fail.(结果)(注:1.不定式常用在so as 或in order后,与它们一起作谓语,表示目的,但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework. 2.不定式表目的常和only连用,往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的结果。eg:He hurried to the station only
10、to find the train had left.)3“形容词enough不定式”和“too形容词或副词(不表情感)不定式” 也可作结果状语。 eg:He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone.但“too表情感形容词(pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等)to do”表示肯定意义,too前面可用only,but等词修饰。eg:They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他们只是太急于离开了。) She is (only) too p
11、leased to go home.(她非常高兴可以回家了。)6.不定式作补语不定式作补语表示动作的完成。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。(1)后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有:want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,send,callon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on等。eg:She wanted me to arrive there early. Our
12、headmaster call on us to work hard.(2)动词不定式可作感官动词(五看二听一感觉)即:see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel)和使让动词(let,make,have等)后面的宾补时,不定式符号to要省略,但如果句子变被动结构,必须带to.表示动作的完成。eg:He made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill.(3)动词不定式可作形容词的补足语动词不定式可作形容词的补足语,句型为:(一)主语系动词表语(adj为conveni
13、ent/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent等)to do.(注:to do常用主动表被动,其中do为vt,主语为to do的宾语。)(二)主语find/think/consider/believe等宾语adjto do.(注:其中to do常用主动表被动,其中do为vt,主语为to do的宾语。)eg: He is easy to fool. The woman is easy to work with. He found the job is difficult to work out.()“特殊疑问词不定式to do”具有名词
14、特征,可作宾补。(谓语动词多为show,know,teach,tell等。)eg:Ill tell you how to get there7不定式作评注性状语或插入语不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with,to start with,to be short等。eg:To begin with,I think you are wrong.三动名词用法动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一般式和完成式,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.否定形式在其前面
15、加not.(1)动名词作主语动名词作主语表示抽象动作,指一件已知的事或经验。eg:Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby.(2)常只用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。eg:I cant imagine marrying her.She managed to escape being punished.以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语:give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to
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