过去分词.doc

1、过去分词用法详解在高考英语阶段的学习中，过去分词的学习是一个重要的语法内容。过去分词主要起形容词或副词的作用,表示“被动、完成”的意义,在句中作状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语。 一过去分词的基本特点：A动词的过去分词的否定形式动词的过去分词的否定形式是由not加动词的过去分词构成。Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。B动词的过去分词的特征1动词的过去分词有时同时带有被动和完成的意义。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in bio

2、logy. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。2及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思。Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。）When you speak English, b

3、e sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。）The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。3不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped）a retired worker 退休工人 （= a worke

4、r who has retired）a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 （= a guest who has just arrived）fallen leaves落叶， the risen sun升起的太阳二、现在分词和过去分词的区别一般说来现在分词和过去分词的区别主要表现在“时态”和“语态”两个方面。时间方面现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词则表示完成的动作。boiled water 开水boiling water 正沸腾的水developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家fallen leaves 落叶fallin

5、g leaves 正在飘落的叶子语态方面现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者；过去分词表示被动意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受着。an exciting film (a film that excites people ) 一个激动人心的报告excited audiences (audiences who are excited by ) 激动了的观众I heard someone closing the door .（主动）I heard the door closed .（被动）三、过去分词的用法过去分词作定语：1前置定语单个的动词的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名

6、词之前。A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。但也有后置的情况，例如：The food left is not for you, but for my son.剩下的食物不是给你的，而是留给我儿子的。2后置定语分词短语作定语一般放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。（= that are written by

7、this author）A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)考例1.The chemistry teacher, _ by many students, went into the laboratory.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. to be followed解析：选A。该句表示“化学老师被学生跟着走进了实验室”所以用过去分词表示被动

8、。此句中的followed 可转化成定语从句 “who was followed”.考例2.The U.S.A is a _ country.A. developing B. developed C. to develop D. develop解析：选B。该句意思是“美国是一个发达国家”所以用过去分词表示完成。考例3. Prices of daily goods _b_ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 考例4. The Olym

9、pic Games, _c_ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 考例5. I dont know the girl _ in the destroyed building because of the earthquake. A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching 答案与解析B 小女孩被困在由于地震而毁

10、坏的大楼中，所以应用过去分词短语caught in the destroyed building作后置定语。 过去分词作状语动词的过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1表示时间动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。（= When the city is seen from the tower.）Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了

11、实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。（= After we had been shown the lab.）2. 表示原因动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .） Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。（=As it was writt

12、en in haste .）3. 表示条件动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Heated, water changes into steam. 加热，水就能变成蒸汽。（= If water is heated.）Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。（= If he was given more time .）4. 表示让步动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the running, they wen

13、t on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。（= Although they were exhausted by the running .）Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people .）5表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。The teacher

14、stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students）He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)注意：动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。考例1. _c_ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the

15、United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 考例 2. _d_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 过去分词作宾语补足语：当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。1在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从