雷哥GMAT在线网络课程之GMAT作文机经Word格式文档下载.docx

1、所以为了今年要增加profit，就减少飞机数量。V2.作文是email.一个航空公司的利润fell over 20%说的是航油价上涨和新买5架飞机导致的，since航油大家（airline）都在涨，所以两个原因中一定有一个是利润下降的原因，那就是买飞机导致利润下降【参考思路】1. 充分必要条件：flight expansion 是 profit 减少的唯一条件？也有可能是乘客减少，2. 错误类比：其他公司 increase their profitability 不一定就是减少number of flight，也许是他们的服务更好，顾客更喜欢选择他们公司；或是3. 无根据假设：Decrease

2、 flight expansion一定会使 profit上升？虽然减少航班数量，可以减少overall cost，但是 revenue from these flights 也是同样减少。2.Park Hill商业计划在park hill区的披萨店、电影院和高尔夫俱乐部过去两年发展很好，所以XX公司今年应该投资另外一个区的另外三家店，并且采取消费两家店可以获得第三家折扣的措施，可以让每个店都获利并且最大化回报The following appeared as part of the business plan of the Capital Idea investment firm: Acros

3、s town in the Park Hill district, the Thespian Theater, Pizzazz Pizza, and the Niblick Golf Club have all had business increases over the past two years. Capital Idea should therefore invest in the Roxy Playhouse, the Slice-o-Pizza, and the Divot Golf Club, three new businesses in the Irongate distr

4、ict. As a condition, we should require them to participate in a special program: Any customer who patronizes two of the businesses will receive a substantial discount at the third. By motivating customers to patronize all three, we will thus contribute to the profitability of each and maximize our r

5、eturn.1. 错误类比：PH地区与I地区不同，在PH地区成功的business在I地区不一定成功，人口，habit等不同。2. 因果关系：即使这三种business会成功，那么这特定的三家店也不一定能成功，还要看该店的经营、销售、服务等等。即使捆绑三个店，顾客也不一定会每个店都去消费。4Profit除了与销售量有关，与成本也有关，不能单纯因为去的人可能增加就认为profit会增加，还要考虑成本、折扣等等。【参考范文】The argument states that if by motivating customers to patronize all three Businesses of

6、 Capital Investment, the profitability of each business will increase and maximize return for Capital investment.To achieve this the firm proposes to initiate a program where if a customer patronizes two of the Businesses , he will receive substantial discount on the third. However there are several

7、 assumptions that the argument is based on for which it does not give sufficient evidence.Firstly, The argument assumes that people will not otherwise go to all the three places if they go to the two places. There is no evidence to support this assumption. For example, certain demographic groups may

8、 enjoy watching theatre, playing golf and may like to eat out as well frequently. They may not select two out of the three. So by giving them heavy discount on something that they would have anyways chosen may actually negatively impact the profits. Secondly, the argument gives the example of the su

9、ccess of the three businesses in the Park Hall district. However it does not clearly state the reasons behind the success of the businesses there. It appears that Capital Idea selected these businesses to invest specifically for the unique combination which they found to be successful in Park Hill d

10、istrict. If this is the case then the three businesses are complementary to one another and hence they will succeed as a group. So there seems no reason to explicitly ask customer to patronize the three at the cost of a discount.In conclusion the argument is flawed for the above mentioned reasons. I

11、t can be strengthened if more evidence is given to substantiate why the proposed program would work. Without these the argument remains unconvincing and open to debate.3.工作建议V1讲的是一个报纸写了关于career的advice：作者建议有stable office job的人，千万不要辞职当self-employed worker.有以下原因：1. self-employed 的人在家工作有很多distraction，例如

12、phone call, noisy neighbor,和household chore.2. self-employed 的人not likely to set schedule，所以他们会procrastinate或者not working.3. self-employed 的人在家工作，会socially and professionally isolated, 所以他们的advancement会受到limit.因此，office job肯定好且lead to more earning.4.奢侈汽车销售战略The business manager of a local auto deale

13、rship recommended the following in a memo to the dealerships owners: “During the month of June, when we advertised our luxury automobile models in the local newspapers and placed them in prominent positions on our lot and in our showroom, combined sales for both luxury models and our more inexpensiv

14、e models reached the highest point for the year. In February, when we focused our advertisements on our inexpensive models and featured them on our lot and in our showroom, overall sales were lower. Clearly, if we want to maximize our profits, we need to put our luxury line front and center in a mor

15、e prominent position, year-round. The luxury line clearly attracts potential consumers who, once they set foot on our auto lot, purchase a wide variety of automobiles that generate revenue for this dealership.一个卖汽车的，有luxury model和inexpensive model。 这个dealership的在June为他的luxury model做广告，并且将luxury mode

16、l放到他们展厅的中间位置，然后June的the combined sales of both models就很高很高，然后之前在February的时候，该dealership是为inexpensive model做广告并且放到展厅中间位置来着，结果那个月的the combined sales of both models非常low。基于此，这个manager就认为，应该坚持六月份的策略，为luxury Model做广告并且放到展厅中间，并且要这样做year-round。1. 二者选一：The business manager simply focuses on the two extremes

17、that the dealership should advertise luxury vehicles, or that the dealership should advertise inexpensive vehicles. The manager fails to acknowlegde and analyze the possibly of a mixed marketing campaign.2. 无根据假设：Advertisements on the luxury automobile clearly attracts potential consumers. It should

18、 be better evaluated by analyzing the sales data and by asking customers about their purchasing decisions.3. 错误类比：The author unfairly make the conclusion that advertisements only in inexpensive models caused overall sales were lower. A simple example is that February only has 28 days while June has

19、30. February also has more holidays like Presidents Day on which car dealerships are likely closed, and thus when no sales will take place.5.有机食品店一个gym的manager给owner写的memo。这个manager说our customers interest in eating healthier。然后提高饮食健康的一个方法是吃organic food。 现在city 还没有organic grocery store。然后这个manager就说，

20、我们应该在什么chiain的商店进入之前，赶快在我们的gym里增加一个卖有机食品的商店，肯定妥妥的赚钱啊V1. 下面的XX出现在一个下属给上级汇报的memo里：某个城市有chain gym 3个，最近对gym customer （就是在gym锻炼的人群）做了一个调查，发现customers 开始重视饮食健康 eat healthier，然后说一种提高饮食健康的办法是吃有机食品。现在city没有organic grocery store（我估计是说没有专门买organic的shop，比如像wholefood那样的），现在city有一些retailer（大概是这个意思）想要开organic foo

21、d的店。Gym觉得自己应该在它们之前下手，在每个gym里增加一个专门卖有机食品的unit，这样可以增加gym的profit。V2. 一个gym公司最近对其顾客调查显示customers都对eating healthier感兴趣。然后说eating healthier的一个方式就是eating organic food，而且这座城市里现在还没有organic food grocery，所以这公司打算在他的每个gym location旁开一个organic food grocery 说肯定能对公司盈利有帮助，而且这个公司的profit已经好几年没怎么变动了。1. 样本不足：只调查了在gym锻炼的人

22、，这些人有良好的生活习惯，一般都更重视吃得健康。而且这种风尚可能只限于在gym锻炼的人之间流行。拓展经营领域开Grocery Store不一定就能增加利润，开几家店的cost会很大，revenue能cover the cost么？况且这家做Health and fitness的公司几年都没涨利润，通过拓展经营领域能否赚到钱？几年未盈利可能是因为公司里的管理体制有问题，营销手段不得当等等。3. 因果关系：人们越来越倾向吃健康食品并不意味着人们会越来越倾向于去有机食品店购买。6.FiberFlakes CerealV1. 一个公司叫做Fieflake经营cereal line.过去一直65%消费者

23、主要是adult women。但是过去两年，children increase 16% to 25%. 因此，公司的新策略是转移正对children. 这个公司产品现在的产品包装是对whole family. 别的公司也是对whole family. 因此这个公司准备生产childrens line这样只有它一个公司生产这种东西可以避免竞争力和增加销售V2. 一个公司的fiberflakes cereal之前是面向全家销售的，原先买这种cereal的女性客户有64%，然后发现在过去两年中，这种cereal的儿童客户从19%上涨到25%，公司决定改变现在的packaging 和advertisi

24、ng 方案，从面向全家销售变成excessively to children，从而从众多的竞争者中脱颖而出，结论是：公司觉得这样可以提高这种cereal的sales 和market share1. 无根据假设：（1）儿童数量的增加不代表sales的增长 （2）换包装、换广告不一定make profits and increase market share，还要考虑换包装的成本和广告成本可能大于这种策略产生的利润。别的公司策略不一定适合，说不定别人的产品有独到之处，而且别的公司都开始注重儿童市场，竞争会变激烈。3. 因果关系-错误因果：儿童数量的增加所以要改变方案。即使儿童数量增加，women仍

25、占购买者数量的大多数，失去该客户群反而会降低收入。4. 因果关系-忽略他因：reinforce packaging and advertisements最终make profits. 吸引儿童是一方面，是否购买还取决于家长，销量、价格、声誉等也需思量。7.Olympic FoodsThe following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go do

26、wn because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food.

27、 And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”The food industry is not analogous to the color film industry. 食品行业与彩色胶片行业不能等同。Other factors that may contribute to the cost decl

28、ine of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out. 彩色胶片例子中的成本降低不一定是因为组织学习增加效率，还可能是技术改进、原料价格下降、福利增加激励员工等。The conclusion of the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit because the company has been conducted for 25 years. 因为 （1）不是有经验

29、就可以节约成本 （2）不是cost下降profit就会增加，只有在销量不减少或者增加的情况下才成立Citing facts drawn from the color-film processing industry that indicate a downward trend in the costs of film processing over a 24-year period, the author argues that Olympic Foods will likewise be able to minimize costs and thus maximize profits in

30、the future. In support of this conclusion the author cites the general principle that “as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient.” This principle, coupled with the fact that Olympic Foods has had 25 years of experience in the food processing industry leads to the authors rosy prediction. This argument is unconvincing because it suffers from two critical flaws.First, the authors forecast of minimal costs and maximum profits rests on the gratuitous assumption that Olympic Foods “long experience” has taught it how to do things better. There is, however, no g