高中英语时态语态复习Word下载.docx

1、Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built? （P.24, Senior Book2B）4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。Im doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me? （P. 1, Senior Book2B）现在进行时同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。They also have bad teeth, because o

2、f the sugar which they are always eating. （P.3, Senior Book1B）5.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. （P.32, Senior Book2B）Over 500 people were working in the b

3、uilding when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. （P.6, Senior Book1B）6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. （P.13, Senior Book2B）同现在的联系是：“刚刚探访了朱夫人，给她带了口信”，这件事距现在时间很近，没有多长时间。We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. （

4、P.19, Senior Book1B）现在你们已经知道有关她的经历，不会影响做出决定。7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. （P.14, Senior Book2B）本句中had left her a lot of money 发生在her parents were dead之前，比较容易看出“过去的过去”，应该不会产生理解上的困难。Einstein had always been fond of

5、 music and had learnt music as a young boy. （P.3, Senior Book2B）课文一直在叙述爱因斯坦的经历、成就，使用的都是一般过去时。或者我们可以说一般过去时是课文的基础时态。课文的最后又倒叙爱因斯坦少年时代的事情，这是比基础时态一般过去时更早的动作，因此两个并列的谓语动词都用过去完成时。在这类句子中，作为参照的动作或时间需要我们通过对文章的整体理解才能体会出来。8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。I thought it was going to be fun. （P.

6、54, Senior Book1A）针对 I thought 这个过去的动作而言的将来。9.现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直”。People have been talking of it a lot recently. （P.25, Senior Book2B）最近人们一直在大量地谈论这件事。Pippas parents have been waiting for them. （ P.61, Senior Book2A）Pippa的父母一直在等他们。For years we have been dreaming bet

7、ter housing and jobs. （P.37, Senior Book2B）多年来我们一直梦想着更好的住房和工作。【相关知识及运用】1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of whic

8、h was Monsieur Defarge. （P.56, Senior Book2B）向读者陈述1775年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a）过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。-Would you go to see the film with me this evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”。 b）过去的动作延续到现

9、在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. （从毕业一直延续到现在）We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. （20年前发生的 “live”，一直延续到现在）过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作

10、也是一般过去时。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是过去的动作，had begun则发生在got to the cinema 之前。2.进行时态的两种概念现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。 基于这一特点，下列句子通常用现在进行时，以表达动作没有结束。 Our country is getting stronger and stronger. Im gett

11、ing on well with my English. 过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。 I was doing my homework this time yesterday. Mother was cooking when I came home. 阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。 He is writing a new novel these days. 这些天他一直在写一本新小说。（没有干其他的事情） The workers were building a bridge last yea

12、r. 这些工人们去年一直在修建一座桥。3.将来时的五种动词形式1.will（shall）+动词原形，用以表示“预见”和“主观意图”Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. （P1, Senior Book2A） （表示“预见”）Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. （P.19, Senior Book2A） （表示“主观意图）2.be going to + 动词原形，

13、用以表示“打算做某事”或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况。Im going to cut this tree down. （P.25, Senior Book1B）It is going to rain. （有迹象表明将要下雨）3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. （P.33, Senior Book2B）4.will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。W

14、ho will be taking over her job?Everybody else will be wearing jewellery. （P.13, Senior Book1B）5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。How many of you are making the trip? （P.9, Senior Book1B） Is anybody seeing you off? （P.13 Senior Book1A）【语态的基本概念】语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动

15、语态和被动语态之分。主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another. （P.8, Senior Book2B）谓语动词use同主语satellites for broadcast

16、ing具有逻辑动宾关系，因此使用被动语态。我们可以将这个句子恢复成正常的主、谓、宾关系：We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.1.被动语态的动词形式问题： 在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be + 过去分词。凡需进行时态变化时，只将be 变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。动词do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表主动语态被动语态一般现在时do

17、 （ does ） am（is, are ）+ done一般过去时didwas（were ）+ done一般将来时will（shall） dowill be + done现在进行时am（is are ）doingam（is,are）being+done过去进行时was（were） doingwas（were）being+done现在完成时have（has） donehave（has）been+done过去完成时had donehad been+done过去将来时would dowould be + done现在完成进行时have（has）been doing没有被动形式过去完成进行时Had b

18、een doingMany of them are well received, such as Follow Me; Follow Me to Science.（P.46, Senior Book1A）Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane. （P.9, Senior Book2B）They are already being used in agriculture and industry. （P.26, Senior Book2B）Computer will

19、 be used more and more in transport. （P.26, Senior Book2B）A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people . （P.46, Senior Book2B）2.高考试题实例分析直接考查时态、语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题型中，而且几乎每年都会考到，因此必须将时态、语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰

20、考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析，便会对试题感到困惑。下列试题可以帮助我们领悟高考命题的趋势。例1：Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.（2001年高考试题） A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change答案为A。试题没有把考查的意图定位于对时态概念的简单理解，考生必须对现在进行时的本质特征-动作尚未完成，仍在过程中-有深刻的理解

21、，否则将思路仅仅局限在“正在变化”、“已经变化”或“将要变化”，难于得出正确的结论。例2：I _ ping-pong quite well, but havent had time to play since the new year. （2001年高考试题） A. will play B. have played C. played D. play答案为D。but 分句使用现在完成时，将谈话的时间概念限定在“当前”。如果选C，前一分句说“过去”，后一分句说“现在”，不合逻辑。本句的意思是说“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段时间没有打”， “乒乓球打得好”是一种技能，选用一般现在时，是“经常发生

22、的动作”这一概念的扩展和延伸。例3：- You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. （2002年高考试题） A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt saysorry的原因是早先没有说到这件事，因此必须用一般过去时。例4：The price _, but I doubt whether it wil

23、l remain so.（1999年高考试题） A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down答案为 C。目前价格的状况已经低下来，至于“价格下降”始于何时同谈话的内容无关。试题意在考查对“过去的动作对现在的影响”的理解。动词时态、语态50题附答案及解析1.I can guess you were in a hurry. Youyour sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing 2. We that you woul

24、d fix the TV set this week. Im sorry. I to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy. A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intended C. expect； intend D. expected； intend 3.He will stop showing off, if no notice of him. A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken 4.It is said that

25、 another new car factorynow. Yeah. It one and a half years. A. is building； takes B. is being built； will take C. is built； will take D. is being built； takes 5. Im sorry, but I shouldnt have been so rude to you. You your temper but thats OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing 6. Wh

26、y? Tom, your shirt is so dirty! Mum, I my storeroom downstairs。A. cleaned B. have worked C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning 7.They wont buy new clothes because theymoney to buy a color TV set. A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving 8.Good heavens! There you are! Weanxious about you, an

27、d we you back throughout the night. A. are； expect B. were； had expected C. have been； were expecting D. are； were expecting 9.Ive finally finished my paper and it me an entire month. A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken 10.The traffic in our city is already good and it even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 11. Has Jack finished his homework yet? I have no idea； he it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did 12. I will come to attend