1、二.完形填空是一种具有一定难度的障碍性阅读理解题,要做好该题,必须具备:1、良好的阅读习惯,善于从整体上把握文章的意义和结构。2、词语意义和用法的辨析能力。3、固定搭配和习惯用法方面的知识。4、基本的语法知识。5、在特定语境中综合运用语言知识的实践能力。6、较强的逻辑推理能力和分析判断能力。三. 体裁专项突破选做完形填空题的文章的体裁主要为记叙文、说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议这四种,同学们如能明确英语记叙文、说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议文的结构特点、语言特色、与汉语相关文体的异同及各种体裁的答题要领,就能大大提高解题的效率。1、记叙文突破记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章,具体地说,它是
2、借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态及其发展过程,用以表现作者的思想,抒发作者某种情感的文章形式。近几年的高考完形填空题中的记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主,如幽默故事、童话故事、历史故事、人物传记和新闻报道等。记叙文是中学英语阅读材料中最常见的文体,其语言特点有:1)、以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅。2)、广泛使用动词,特别是动态动词。3)、适当运用直接引语。解答记叙文体的完形填空时,应着重把握以下几点:(1)、了解文章的结构形式。(2)、明确作者的写作目的。(3)、知晓文章所记叙的几大要素。(4)、弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个
3、:第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者亲切的态度和深厚的感情。用第三人称就是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述,作者的语气客观,与读者保持着一定的距离,读者的注意力更多集中在故事本身。了解了作者的写作角度有助于我们走进作者的思维,深入理解文章的意义。请看下面的例题:As she waited at the edge of the ice for her music to start,. Peggy took a quick look at her father standing nearby with a group of parents and t
4、eachers. He smiled at her. Then she 1._ out at the audience, 2._ to see her mother. These two, Alvert and Doris Flemint, had 3._ all the way from California more than 2,000 miles away, to see their 4._ compete in this sports meet in Cleveland, Ohio.The music 5._ and Peggy moved onto the ice, letting
5、 the music 6._ her along into her turns, and she began skating with much 7._ in herself. The cold fear she always had in the 8._ seconds before skating onto the ice was 9._. She was feeling the movement of the 10._ and letting it carry her. She skated easily, 11._ did some jumps, a final turn and he
6、r performance was 12._.The crowd loved it and cheered 13._ she skated off the ice. “Nice job,” said one of the other 14._. It was the remark that 15._ came after a free-skating performance. But what should the 16._ say? Standing beside her father, Peggy 17._ for the scoring to be finished. On all si
7、des were other young skaters, some waiting 18._ alone, others with a parent. Shortly before 10 oclock the results were 19._. The new United States Womens Figure Skating Champion was Peggy Fleming of Passdena, 20._.1.A.looked B. watched C. found D. stepped2.A.failing B. looking forward C. wanting D.
8、hoping3.A.bicycled B. driven C. run D. walked4.A.friend B. children C. son D. daughter5.A.started B. played C. developed D. sang6.A.allow B. set out C. carry D. support7.A.thought B. belief C. success D. design8.A.following B. last C. recent D. past9.A.lost B. present C. strong D. gone10.A.music B.
9、fear C. ice D. audiences11.A.so B. or C. before D. then12.A.satisfied B. unsatisfactory C. finished D. welcome13.A.because B. until C. before D. as14.A.skaters B. parents C. judges D. parents15.A.always B. seldom C. again D. hardly16.A players B. audience C. judges D. parents17.A.waited B. looked C.
10、 wished D. asked18.A.comfortably B. hurriedly C. happily D. anxiously19.A.cried out B. let out C. announced D. declared20.A.England B. Cleveland C. Ohio D. California2、议论文突破议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文,它涉及的范围要小得多。有人把英语中的议论文旧理解为论证文、推理文或辩论文,还有人直接将
11、议论文归入到了说明文当中。但笔者认为就写作目的与写作手法而言,英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先,英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”,并不进行正反评判和推理,也不强迫读者接受作者的观点;而英语议论文主要是就某一主题,在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上,通过论证、推理辩论等手段,试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点,但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。议论文的应用范围很广,除了学术论文外,社论、评论、杂文,随感等都属议论文的范畴。不管是在汉语中,还是在英语中,议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的
12、对象、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题分析问题解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即what)、本论(分析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结构模式又有以下三种:模式一:引言段(提出观点)正方论点1(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者的观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序排列,最有力、最重要的论点在
13、最后面,以示强调。模式二:引言段(提出观点)反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点1(支持作者观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。模式三:引言段(提出观点)反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)在这种模式中,作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。议论文有自己的语言个性,它
14、不同于记叙文的生动形象,也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述,因此,它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时,它的语言也很准确,合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用,诸如since(既然),now that(既然),therefore(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),so(所以),It follows that(因而),If,we may conclude that (如果,我们可以这样下结论),Should it be the case (如果是这样的话),Idont want to,but(我并不想),It is true that,but(诚然但
15、是),Even if (即使)等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构,以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外,作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气,不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。同学们在解答议论文体的完形填空时,首先要读懂第一节,尤其是文章的第一句话,这样就可以迅速找到文章所要论证的观点,进而理解全文的主旨大意。其次要用心体会,作者谋篇布局的方法,了解各个段落的功能,感受作者论证的过程。最后再循着作者的思路重读全文,推敲各
16、空答案。Recently, a professor of philosophy(哲学) in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has 1._ that how we deal with money in our day to day life has more meaning than we usually 2._. One of the exercises he has asked his students to do is to keep a 3_ of every
17、penny they spend for a week. From the 4._ they spend their money, they can see what they really 5._ in life.The professor says our 6._ with others often becomes clearly defined(明确) when money enters the picture. You 7._ have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good fri
18、ends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some 8._. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems 9._ than ever before. 10._it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesnt.Since money is so important to us, we consider those who are 11._ to be very important
19、. The professor 12._some rich people in researching his book.Question: What is the most 13._ thing you have discovered about being rich?Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much 14._. I am nothing. I dont know much. All I am is rich.People just have an idea of making more and m
20、ore money, but what is it 15._? How much money do I need for any given 16._ in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an important 17._ in modern society: to bring back the idea that the money is an instrument 18._than the end. Money plays an important 19._ in the material world, but 20._ mon
21、ey to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.1.A.pointed B. studied C. discovered D. noticed2.A.imagine B. think C. recognize D. plan3.A.secrect B. diary C. promise D. record4.A.way B. method C. opinion D. attitude5.A.mean B. value C. get D. make6.A.work B. friendship C. relation D. union
22、7.A.should B. must C. had to D. might8.A.cars B. books C. rooms D. money9.A.stronger B. weaker C. worse D. looser10.A.But B. Otherwise C. And D. Then11.A.rich B. poor C. helpful D. ordinary12.A.saw B. interviewed C. questioned D. knew13.A.puzzling B. disappointing C. surprising D. interesting14.A.wo
23、rry B. doubt C. hate D. respect15.A.about B. against C. for D. at16.A.achievemant B. result C. purpose D. success17.A.need B. discovery C. lack D. event18.A.better B. rather C. more D. less19.A.action B. performance C. role D. trick20.A.demanding B. hoping C. getting D. expecting3、说明文突破说明文是对事物的特征、本质
24、、性能、状态,或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。它所说明的对象可以是实体的事物,如仪器仪表、自然环境等,也可以是抽象的事理、如概念、原理、定律、规章等。它包括说明书、解说词、文献资料、图表等形式。尽管说明文中可能会掺有一些记述、描写或议论的成分,但说明文的最主要表达方式还是说明。必须说明的是与汉语说明文相比,英语说明文所涉及的范围似乎更大,在英语中,天文地理、人情世故、客观事物、主观意识等宇宙间的一切都可以通过说明文加以阐述说明,象the importance of being on time(准时的重要性)和the happiness of reading
25、 books(读书之乐)之类的话题,在汉语中似乎应该属于议论文的范围,但在英语中却一般列在说明文中。与英语记叙文相比,英语说明文的语言特征并不那么明显。但尽管如此,也还是有一些语言现象在英语说明文中经常出现。1)、多用现在时态。2)、采用客观描述。3)、遣词用字简炼、平实、确切。解答说明文体裁的完形填空题是要着重把握这样两个方面:(1)、弄清叙述的顺序。(2)、了解说明文的种类。说明文依照内容展开方式可以分以下几类:1过程说明文。这是用得最广的一种说明文,它又分为人为过程的说明文(给予指令或建议)和自然过程的说明文(提供信息和分析)两种,文章形式既有实用性较强的产品介绍,生活知识;也有专业性很
26、强的学术论文;还有幽默风趣的科学小品等。过程说明文中的时态通常用一般现在时。2实例说明文。它是用实例、事实来阐述特征过程、现象、观点的一种说明文。那些空洞的概念和高深的理论经过事实和例子的佐证立即就会变得具体明白、简单起来。3比较(对比)说明文。它是运用比较和对比的手段来分析和说明事物的一种说明文。通过比较相似事物和对比相异事物,可以使事理更加明了。4分类说明文。对于复杂事物,往往可以根据它的性质、形状、成因、功能等属性的差别,分成若干类,然后依照类别分别进行说明。通过分类说明可以加深读者对事物本质的了解。5因果说明文。通过分析事物的因果关系阐明事物的性质或经过的文章称为因果说明文。在对有关因
27、果关系透彻分析的基础上得出的结论总是令人信服的。6界说(定义)说明文。就是用简洁而明确的语言把事物的本质属性揭示出来,给人们以清晰的概念。界说(定义)说明文中总是有一个定义句,其句式为被定义对象的所属类别+限制性定语。定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,如A bat(蝙蝠)is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on fruit and insects but is not a bird .因此,界说(定义)说明文既能使读者对被说明文的事物有一个明确的本质的了解,又能使读者将该事物与其他事物区别开来。英文说明文的
28、写作方式除了以上六种外,还有其他一些但对于中学生来说,这六种方式是首先值得了解的。另外,值得一提的是,在一篇说明文中,常常是以一种写作手法为法,同时辅以其他写作手法。有时,甚至会几种手法混用,并不分什么主次。弄清了说明文的种类和不同,说明文的写作特点,有助于我们采取不同的阅读策略,进而达到迅速、准确理解文章的目的。请看下面的例题。One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. In our 1._we can see what has not yet hap
29、pened. For example, while we are looking forward to 2._a new place or country, we 3._what it will be like. We predict( 预料) the 4._ people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do not always predict things 5._. Things are often very different from the way we 6._them to be.One of the 7._ dreams in hi
30、story is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been 8._ to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had 9._and analysed(分析) the problem from every angle(角度) for days, but there 10._ to be no way of 11._ out the answer. Then one night he went to bed and dreamed. When he 12._ up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem i
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