高考英语书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练Word下载.docx

1、用于本句型的形容词有： 一般形容词，如pleasant, fine, busy, warm, absent, rich, angry, different等；多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。 表语形容词，如ready, sure, certain, sorry, present, content, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashamed, aware等。 跟of介词短语的形容词，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable 跟of介词短语

2、，用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。 be rich in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be different from, be fond of, be welcome to My Chinese host was very hospitable. 中国自然资源丰富。China is

3、rich in natural resources. 王先生正忙于备课。Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons. 他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。He is very proud of his sons progress in study. 他们缺少时间和钱。They are short of time and money. 你真糊涂，竟然相信他说的话。Its very foolish of you to believe what he said. 他总是乐于助人。He is always ready to help others. 【句型】SVS

4、C （3） 主语+ be + 现在分词【用法】在本句型中，现在分词作表语，大部分这类词已被看作形容词，它们用来修饰说明表示物的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有：amusing（有趣的）, boring（令人厌烦的）, disappointing（令人失望的）, charming（迷人的）, inviting （引人注目的,吸引人的）, comforting（令人鼓舞的）, confusing（混淆的）, exciting（令人兴奋的）, embarrassing（令人为难的）, discouraging（令人气馁的）, disturbing（烦扰的）, fascinating（迷人的）, inte

5、resting, surprising（惊人的）, missing, promising（有前途的）, puzzling（令人迷惑的）, shocking （骇人听闻的）, striking（引人注目的）, pleasing（令人高兴的）, touching（动人的），worrying（令人担心的）等。 This poem is very moving. His speech was very boring. 这个童话很有趣。This fairy tale is very interesting. 这个小伙子真讨人喜欢。The young man is very charming. 这场追猎扣

6、人心弦, 可惜狐狸还是跑了。The hunt was exciting, but the fox escaped. 他的话使人相当泄气。What he said was rather discouraging. 他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。He was astonished at what he found. 我放在桌子上的英语书不见了。My English book on the desk is gone. 【句型】SVSC （4） 主语+ be + 过去分词 + （介词短语）【用法】在本句型中，过去分词作表语，且常常带介词短语，介词一般固定，不可随便选用。用于本句型的过去分词有：常见带介词a

7、bout分词: excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried. 常见带介词at分词: amazed, disappointed, dissatisfied, amused, annoyed, astonished, delighted, excited, displeased, pleased, shocked, surprised. 常见带介词against分词：arranged, prepared. 常见带介词for分词：prepared, celebrated, pressed. 常见带介词in分词：absorbed, dressed, cele

8、brated, disappointed, delighted, lost, embarrassed, engaged, experienced, interested 常见带介词on分词：founded, based, bent, set 常见带介词to分词：devoted, lost, engaged, known, related, married. 常见带介词with分词：excited, bored, delighted, disappointed, satisfied, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, pleased等。 他是中国人民非常熟悉

9、的。Hes well-known to the Chinese people. 他在教学方面缺乏经验。He is poorly experienced in teaching. 他们两年前在上海结婚的。They got married in Shanghai two years ago. 我不满意我们在那家旅馆受到的待遇。I wasnt satisfied with our treatment at that hotel. 我们要作好下一次考试的准备。We must be prepared for the next exam. 受到你的来信，我非常高兴。Im very pleased to h

10、ear from you. 【句型】SVSC （5） 主语+ be + 形容词 + 不定式【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语，表语后直接用动词不定式。不定式所表示的动作是有句中的主语所进行的。able, fit, likely, afraid, foolish, lucky, slow, angry, fortunate, mad, anxious, free, nice, stupid, polite, sorry, brave, glad, sure, careful, grateful, thankful, certain, quick, unable, clever, good, rea

11、dy, crazy, unwilling, willing, wonderful, content, happy, cruel, rude, curious, sad, worthy, due, kind, selfish, wrong, eager, excited, disappointed, pleased, astonished, puzzled, bored, satisfied, frightened, shocked, surprised, delighted, worried等。 Im very glad to know you They are all determined

12、to settle in the countryside. 他很勇敢，闯进了那着火的房子。He was very brave to break into the burning building. 他非常仔细, 把每一个细节都核对过了。He was careful enough to check up every detail. 战争中的勇士愿意为国捐躯。The brave fighters at war were ready to die for their country. 他下决心再也不见她了。He was determined not to see her any more. 全世界人

13、民都渴望和平。People all over the world were anxious to have peace. 【句型】SVSC （6） 主语+ be + 形容词短语 + 不定式【用法】在本句型中，在形容词后用不定式，动词不定式修饰形容词，表示程度或结果。主要有四种句型： “too + adj. to do sth”结构，表示“太以致不能”。 “adj. + enough + to do sth.”结构，表示“够以致能”。 “so + adj. + as to do sth.”结构，表示“如此以致能”。 “very/rather + adj. + to do （vt.）” 结构，表示

14、“很做”，主语是不定式的实际宾语。 Hes too young to go to school. Hes old enough to know the world. 他到了懂得人情世故的年龄了。 She is very pleasant to talk with.和她谈话很愉快。 这些柱子（pillars）太细, 支撑不住屋顶。These pillars are too thin to carry the roof. 这篇文章他翻译起来太难了。The article is too difficult for him to translate. 他很富裕，买得起那辆豪华（luxury）车。He

15、is rich enough to buy that luxury car. 他不是傻子，他不会相信那种事。He was not so stupid as to believe that. 他很容易相处。He is quite easy to get along with. 他气得说不出话来。He was angry to say a word. 【句型】SVSC （7） 主语+ be + 形容词 + that从句【用法】在本句型中形容词作表语。连词that引导的从句在下列形容词后作宾语：sure, aware, careful, certain, determined等。that引导的从句在

16、下列形容词后作状语：sorry, happy, glad, proud, satisfied, disappointed, pleased等。 Well quite sure that he will succeed. Im very glad that you were able to come. 我恐怕他不能来开会了。Im afraid that he wont be able to come to the meeting. 他很高兴他得到了进入大学的机会。He was very glad that he had got the opportunity to go to college.

17、我们决心把这项工作提前完成。We are determined that the work should be completed ahead of time. 他没有接受邀请，我们都很失望。We were very much disappointed that he could not accept the invitation. 【句型】SVSC （8） 主语+ be + 介词短语【用法】在本句型中，介词短语作表语，说明主语的情况。有些介词短语已成为固定的短语，不能随意变动。 Everything is in good order. All the workers are on strik

18、e 那条铁路正在修建中。That railway is under construction. 黎明的父亲失业四年了。Li Mings father has been out of work for four years. 全班学生都反对这个计划。All the students in the class are against the plan 他们是同一国籍。They are of the same nationality. 【句型】SVSC （9） 主语+特殊连系动词+ 表语【用法】 常见的“特殊连系动词”可分为三类：表示“变成某种状态”意义的系动词：become, come, fall

19、, get, go, grow, make, prove, run, shine, turn, turn out, wear, work. 表示“保持某种状态”意义的系动词：continue , die, go, hold, keep, lie, live, remain, rest , return, sit, stand, stay 表示 “自己感觉或令人感觉” 意义的系动词：appear, feel , look, seem , smell, sound, taste。 Her ideal has come true她的理想实现了. Why do you keep silent? 你怎么

20、不说话？ 你的手摸起来很凉。Your hand feels cold. 所有的树叶都变黄了。All the leaves have turned yellow. 他们在讨论中全都保持沉默。They all remained silent in the discussion.二、主谓结构 【句型】SV（1） There + be + 主语 + 状语【用法】在本句型中there仅起引导作用, 本身无词义。谓语在前, 主语在后, 形成主谓倒装。动词be表示“有”或“存在”。谓语动词应与其紧邻的主语保持一致。be有时态的变化, 也可加入情态动词。否定式是将not加在be动词或助动词之后, 作主语的名词

21、前常常带有a/an/any。也可在主语前加no （no = not a/an.any）。have和there+be的区别：从结构上来讲, have前须有主语, 而there+be结构的主语在谓语be 之后。从意义上来讲, 二者都可译为“有”, 但have表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉语为 “某人（物）拥有某（人）物”。而there+be结构表示“存在”关系, 译为 “某地（某时）有某物（某人）”。There is going to be a football match tonight.（将来时） There were many children in the park yesterd

22、ay.（过去时） There hasnt been any rain for some days.（完成时） There must be no more time left. （情态动词） There used to be a cinema here before the war.（情态动词）Xiao Li has an English-Chinese DictionaryThere is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk. 【练习】桌上有盏灯，一本字典和几本笔记。There is a lamp, a dictionary and some n

23、otebooks on the table. 花园里有许多苹果树。 There are many apple trees in the garden.我的小车一定是出什么毛病了。 There must be something wrong with my car.这里战前曾有一座电影院。 There used to be a cinema here before the war.今年有个好收成。There will be a good harvest this year. 近十天一直没有雨。 There hasnt been any rain for ten days. 这一对夫妇之间可能发生

24、过争吵。There might have been a quarrel between the couple. 在上下班的拥挤时刻，应该有更多的公共汽车。There ought to be some more buses during the rush hour. 老师手里拿着几本书。There are some books in the teachers hand. 【句型】SV（2） There + 动词 + 主语 + 状语【用法】在there+be结构中, 谓语动词有时不用be而用： 动词短语：seem to be（似乎）, happen to be （碰巧有/碰巧是）, be like

25、ly to be （可能有/可能是）, appear to be （似乎/看起来） used to be（曾经有）；不及物动词：live（生活有/住着）,stand（伫立/站着）, come, exist（存在）, rise（升起）, lie（位于/有）, occur（发生/有）, fly（飞）, remain（仍/还有/保持），stand（站/屹立）, hang（挂着）, rise（升起）, run（流淌/行驶）, occur（发生/出现）等。There happened to be a bad flood that year. There once lived a poor farmer

26、who had four sons. One evening there flew over the city a little swallow.There remained just twenty-eight pounds.双方之间发生了一些误会。There occurred some misunderstanding between both sides.从前中国有一个国王。Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 似乎有个错误。 There appears to be a mistake. 一个陌生人出现在小镇上。There appear

27、ed a stranger in the small town. 离湖不远有一座由人工堆起来的小山。There stands a man-made hill near the lake. 火灾之后他的房子片瓦不留。There remained nothing of his house after the fire. 墙上挂着毛主席的画像。There hangs a portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall. 在我们社会里依然存在着阶级斗争。There still exists class struggle in our society. 从小山背后升起了半个月亮

28、。There rose a half moon from behind the hills. 一条小溪围着村子流过。There runs a small stream around the village. 【句型】SV（3） There + be + 主语 + 定语【用法】在there+be结构中, 非谓语动词可作定语, 相当于一个定语从句。如果被修饰对象和非谓语动词之间是主谓关系, 且表示正在进行/状态, 则用现在分词作定语; 如是动宾关系, 且表示完成, 则用过去分词作定语; 如表示将来发生的事情, 则常用不定式主动式作定语。There is a man waiting for you.

29、There were ten people killed in the crash.There are ten soldiers to attend the celebration.有许多家务要做。 Theres plenty of housework to do.我们没有一个可说话的人。 There was no one for us to talk to.有几个人我希望你见见面。There s some people Id like you to meet.当心，有辆车正在开过来。 Look out! There is a car coming. 这里有一台刚从日本进口的新水泵。There is a new pump just imported from Japan 现在有一个国际会议在这里召开。 Now there is an international meeting being held. 当时街上有一辆公共汽车和几个行人。T