中考英语考点12 宾语从句解析版Word文件下载.docx

1、以下情况一般只用whether不用if。1） 接带to的动词不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。2）与or not连用时。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。（3） 特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, w

2、hy等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。2. 宾语从句的语序由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where you

3、r father works? 你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？Did you get home very late? He asked me. He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。3. 宾语从句的时态对应（1） 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时） 我的老师说他正在看电视。My teacher says

4、he has seen the movie. （现在完成时） 我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。（2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。My father said the he had already seen the movie. （过去完成时）我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。【注意】如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the e

5、arth. （一般现在时）我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。4. 宾语从句的否定转移主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。I dont think theyll wait to the last minute，will they？ 我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？I dont believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？二、中考考点梳理1、宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether （是

6、否）、特殊疑问词。连接词 that, （that 只在从句中起连接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如：I am sure （that） she has passed the exam 我相信她考试及格了。【注意】 that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that .（据说）；It is known that .（众所周知）；It is reported that .（据报告）等当作固定句式来运用。It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。if, wh

7、ether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作“是否”讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如：I ask him if （whether） he has had his lunch 我问他是否吃中饭了。 I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not 我问他是否吃中饭了。【注意】一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。1）. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。I dont k

8、now whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。2）. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。3）. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。4）. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。Whether he is single, I dont know. 我不知道他是否单身5）. 在某些动词（如discuss，d

9、ecide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）我们讨论过我们是否要关店。6）. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished my work. 他问我是否已经完成了作业 。 what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如：I dont understand what you said （what 作 said 的宾语）。 我不明白他说的东西。I asked him what m

10、ade him sick （what 在宾语从句中作主语）。我问他是什么让他得病了。【注意】当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。Whats wrong with you? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.Whats the matter? He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him他怎么了? We want to know what has happened to

11、him. who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for. 我知道她在找谁。whose 如： I want to know whose book this is. 我想知道这是谁的书 which 如： Do you know which book is mine? 你知道哪本书是我的吗？在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。Can you tell me how much does it c

12、ost? 你能告诉我它多少钱吗？when 它只是连接时间状语，如：Please tell me when the meeting will begin? 请告诉我会议什么时候开始。where 它连接地点状语，如：Could you please tell us where are you from? 你能告诉我们你来自哪里吗？why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如：The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 老师问Tom为什么没有来学校上课？2、宾语从句的语序:A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前,谓语在后）。例如: I want to

13、know if he can come tomorrow. 我想知道他明天是否能来。B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。 She asked me who had helped him. 她问我谁帮助了他。3、宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可:“主现则从任,主过则从过，客观真理一般现A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。 1.He tells me he studied English in England last year. 他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种

14、带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。 He told me that he liked playing football. 他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。 He said the moon goes around the earth. 他说月亮绕着地球转。一、典例分类1. 【2019 江苏省无锡市】Youve no idea _ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. Thats billions of dollars!A. ho

15、w much it will cost. B. how long it will take usC. how much will it cost D. how long will it take us【答案】 A【解析】句意：你不知道建一个新机场要花多少钱。让我告诉你，年轻人。那是数十亿美元！本题考查同位语从句。同位语从句要用陈述句的语序，因此排除C/D；根据Thats billions of dollars! 那是数十亿美元！可知，上文应该问的是建一个新机场要花多少钱。而不是多长时间。故选A。2. 【2019 江苏省镇江市】Do you believe that humans could l

16、ive on Mars?I dont think _.A. if it comes true B. that it will come trueC. why it will come true D. how does it come true【答案】B你认为人类能在火星上生活吗？我认为这是不能实现的。if it comes true它是否是真的；that it will come true它会成真的；why it will come true它为什么会成真；how does it come true它是怎样成真的。根据对话的意思可知，这里应表示说话人对这个问题的观点，A、C和D意思不对，宾语从

17、句的引导词应该用that，故选B。3. 【2019 云南省昆明市】 In order to take a pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask _ .A. what was Kunming most famous for B. what Kunming was most famous forC. whether is summer a good time to come D. whether summer is a good time to come【答案】 B为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么。宾语从句要用

18、陈述语序，排除选项AC；结合句意为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么可知，主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去时，选项D时态不对，也语意不通。故选B。4.【2019 四川省遂宁市】 Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when they would leave Beijing【答案】 C【解析】根据句意：你能告诉我他们什么时候离开北京吗？可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排

19、除A 、B；主句中的could表示语气的委婉，不是过去时，故从句用一般将来时。故选C。5. 【2019 四川省达州市】Linda, could you remember _?Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong?A. where are we going after exam B. where we are going after the exam C. where are we going to after the exam D. where we are going to after the exam琳达，你还记得考试后我们要去哪里吗

20、？你忘了我们答应去香港了吗？考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除 A、C；where不跟介词连用。排除D。6. 【2019 青海省中考】I don t know _ we will go. Why not？ We will go to the beach for a picnic. A. Where B. When C. how我不知道我们将去哪里？为什么不知道？我们将去海滩野餐。结合will go to the beach for a picnic，可知问的是地点. A. 哪里；B. 什么时间；C. 如何。选项A符合题意，故选A。7. 【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市】She was so angry

21、 at _ he was doing _ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that 【答案】A 她对他所做的事很生气，以至于她一言不发地走了出去。第一空考查what引导的宾语从句；第二空考查sothat如此以至于。8. 【2019 湖南省湘潭市】Can you tell me _ on Fathers Day?Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. A. when did you shop B. where you

22、go C. what you did【答案】C你能告诉我在父亲节你做什么吗？猜猜是什么？我给我爸爸写了一首诗。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除 A；结合 I wrote a poem for my dad，可知连词是what。 故选C。9. 【2019 湖南省邵阳市】Could you please tell me _ mooncakes traditionally in China, Li Hua?During the Mid-autumn Festival. A. when people ate B. when people eat C. when do people eat你能告诉我

23、人们什么时候吃中国传统的月饼吗，李华？在中秋节期间。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除C；从句时态是一般现在时。 故选B。10. 【2019 海南省中考】Sandy, do you know _?Yes, some news about black holes. A. what Tom is searching for B. what is Tom searching for C. who Tom is searching for【答案】A桑迪，你知道Tom正在找什么吗？知道。关于黑洞的一些新闻。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除B；结合Some news about black hole

24、s，可知连词是what。二、易混易错点拨1.（江苏省无锡2017中考）No one doubted _ the Germans _ win the 2018World Cup again. A. if; can B. whether; could C. that; could D. that; can【答案】C 没有人怀疑德国人再一次赢得了2018年的世界杯。doubt的肯定形式，后面接的宾语从句用问句；doubt是否定形式时，后面接的宾语从句用陈述句。根据No one作主语，故表示没有人怀疑，这是doubt的否定形式，故后面用that引导的陈述句作宾语从句。doubted是一般过去时，故后面

25、接的宾语从句的谓语用过去式，故为could，故选C。2.（2017四川成都）Hi, Amy, you live on Center Street. Can you tell me _? Sure. There is one called Grandmas Home. A. where it is B. how I can get there C. if there is a restaurant on it【答案】C 你好，艾米，你住在中心大街。你能告诉我在那条大街上是否有一家餐馆吗？当然可以。那里有一家叫外婆家的餐馆。where it is 它在哪里；how I can get there我

26、如何到达那里；if there is a restaurant on it在那条大街上是否有一家餐馆。根据Sure. There is one called Grandmas Home.可知此处询问那里是否有餐馆。3.（2017山东德州）Excuse me, I wonder _. Yes, its near the bookstore. A. where we will go for the holiday B. if there is a lost and found office C. when she will give a call D. how we can go to Hong

27、Kong【答案】B 打扰一下，我想知道是否有失物招领处？有，它在书店附近。A. where we will go for the holiday我们将要去哪里度假；B. if there is a lost and found office是否有失物招领处；C. when she will give a call她将什么时间打电话；D. how we can go to Hong Kong我们怎么去香港。根据回答，故选B。4. （2018 绥化中考）He asked me _.A. if I would go skating with him B. when did I buy the CD C. that I had a good time