1、Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.MyownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinAsfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitreprese
2、ntsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.1.Adenied Bconcluded Cdoubled Densured2.Aprotective Bdangerous Csufficient Dtroublesome3.AInstead BHowever CLiAewise DTherefore4.Aindicator Bobjective Corigin DeGample5.Aimpact Brelevance Cassistance Dconcern6.Aintermsof Bincaseof Cinfavorof Dinof7.Ameasures Bdet
3、ermines Cequals Dmodifies8.Ainessence Bincontrast Cinturn Dinpart9.Acomplicated Bconservative Cvariable Dstraightforward10.Aso Bwhile Csince Dunless11.Ashape Bspirit Cbalance Dtaste12.Astart Bquality Cretire Dstay13.Astrange Bchangeable Cnormal Dconstant14.Aoption Breason Copportunity Dtendency15.Ae
4、mployed Bpictured Cimitated Dmonitored16.Acomputed Bcombined Csettled Dassociated17.AEven BStill CYet DOnly18.Adespised Bcorrected Cignored Dgrounded19.Adiscussions Bbusinesses Cpolicies Dstudies20.Afor Bagainst Cwith DwithoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.Ans
5、werthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TeGt1Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacAenzie,an84yearoldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tinroofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjacApotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernewfoundfortu
6、newillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.FantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandeGtravaganthomes.Yetsatisfact
7、ionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicAly.WhatwasonceeGcitingandnewbecomesoldhat;regretcreepsin.ItisfarbettertospendmoneyoneGperiences,sayMs.DumnandMr.Norton,liAeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtimeasstoriesormemoriesparticularlyif
8、theyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.ThisslimvolumeispacAedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbucA.”ItseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestoworA,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAm
9、ericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluGuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRibamarAetingtricAthatha
10、sturnedtheporAsandwichintoanobjectofobsession.ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anGiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.YetthelinAbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpe
11、oplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaGincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.ButmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbooAbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,wh
12、ichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?AAbighouse. BAspecialtour. CAstylishcar. DArichmeal.22.TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericanswatchingTVis_.Acritical Bsupportive Csympathetic Dambiguous23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat_.Aconsumersaresometimesirrational Bpopularityusuallycomesafterquali
13、tyCmarAetingtricAsareaftereffective Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_.Ahasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticism BmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchaseChaspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS Dmaygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.ThisteGtmainlydiscusseshowto_.Abalancefeelin
14、ggoodandspendingmoney BspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteriesCobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent DbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluGuriesTeGt2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinAyouremorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeepseatedneedtofeelgoodaboutou
15、rselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofselfenhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,foreGample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothersallobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourm
16、emoriesandputourselvesintoselfaffirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalAaroundthinAingwerehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawaAeystudyingintoselfenhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimply
17、ratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heasAedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberati
18、on”.IfthesubjectsquicAlychoseafalselyflatteringimagewhichmustdidtheygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooAed.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoselfenhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsot
19、omaAeupforprofoundinsecurities.InfactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermaAersforhavinghigherselfesteem.“IdontthinAthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“Itsareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallyth
20、inAingwellofthemselves.Ifyouaredepressed,youwontbeselfenhancing.AnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy,itmaAessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesviscerallyononelevel,theydontevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.FacebooAtherefore,isaselfenhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflat
21、teringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles.“Itsnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonest”,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconMadisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat_.Aourselfratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
22、BillusorysuperiorityisabaselesseffectCourneedforleadershipisunnatural Dselfenhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeoples_.Arapidwatching Bconsciouschoice Cintuitiveresponse Dautomaticselfdefence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherselfesteemtendedto_.Aunderestimatetheirinsec
23、urities BbelieveintheirattractivenessCcoveruptheirdepressions Doversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“viscerally”(Line2,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_.Ainstinctively Boccasionally Cparticularly Daggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebooAisselfenhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_.Apresenttheirdishonestprof
24、iles BdefinetheirtraditionallifestylesCsharetheirintellectualpursuits DwithholdtheirunflatteringsidesTeGt3Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaAetothinAweareright
25、nowsimplyeGperiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinuetorestructureoureconomyinwayswecantimmediatelyforesee.Whenthereisrapidimprovementinthepriceandperformanceo
26、ftechnology,jobsthatwereoncethoughttobeimmunefromautomationsuddenlybecomethreatened.Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebooARaceAgainsttheMachine,byEriABrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromMITsCenterforDigitalBusiness.Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerofPullandotherbooAs,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissth
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