1、Im reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。He doesnt speak English. 他不说英语。We are p
2、laying basketball. 我们在打篮球。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗?情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗?We must go now. 我们现在得走了。 (1)关于连系动词:连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。常见的连系动词有:be、become、look、feel、so
3、und、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化:look(看看起来)、feel(感觉、摸感到)、 smell(闻、嗅闻起来)、taste(尝尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动变得)、grow(生长变得)、get(得到、到达变得)、go(去变得)所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。练习:1. She _ (feel) so _ (excite) that she cried.2. The movie wasnt interesting so I _ (get) _(bore)
4、 soon.3. My parents _ (be) very busy every day.4. _ (be) they excited when they heard the news?55. In winter the days _ (get) colder and colder.6. The film _(seem) interesting because many people like seeing it.7. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ (smell)! Would you like some?8. This kind of cloth _ (f
5、eel) very soft.9. He _ (look) _(tired)10. She _ (grow) rich within a short time.11. The cat _ (look) _ (like) a hat.(2)关于助动词:常见的助动词有do(does, did); be; have; has; will; shall等. 助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式1. _ you go to see the film yesterday?2. She _ (not tell) me about it.3. My mother _ (
6、not teach) English at school.4. He designs clothes.(一般疑问句) _ he _ clothes?5. They had lunch(变否定句)_ _ _ _.6. This sign means “No smoking”. What _ this sign _?7. I think he is very old.(否定句) I _ think he _ very old.8. Please colour it green.(否定句)_ _ colour it green.(3)关于情态动词:常见的情态动词有:can (could) ,may
7、(might), must ,shall (should), will (would), need等情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。1. can / could : 表示体力、脑力方面的能力或客观的可能性。(1). can, be able to用于表示能力,指有能力做某事,意为“能够”。 eg: She can speak Japanese. 她能讲日语。 Can you finish the work tonight? 你今晚能完成这项工作吗? 【注意】can的否定形式为cannot或cant,不要写成cannot。can的将来时,可用be able to代替;eg: Man cannot
8、live without air. 没有空气人就不能生存。 Ill be able to see you after the lesson. 下课后我就能来看你。 I havent been able to sleep recently. 近来我不能入睡。 (2). can用于表示请求或允许,意为“可否”、“可以”。 Can you wait a moment please? 请你等一会好吗? Perhaps we can go out for a walk. 也许我们可以出去散散步。 You can have the book when I have finished it. 等我读完后你可
9、以把这本书拿走。 You cant pick flowers in this park. 你不能在这公园里摘花。(3). can用于表示可能性(possibility)。 用于描述某事是否有可能发生,含惊讶、怀疑、不相信的语气,常用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,意为“可能会”。 Can this be true?这可能是真的吗? This cannot be done by him.这不可能是他做的。 【注意】在肯定句中,表示现在或将来的可能性,用may, might或could, 不用can。 He may/might/could be in the library. 他可能在图书馆。 The
10、 phone is ringing. It could be Jack. 电话铃响了,可能是杰克。(4). can be在肯定句中,用于推测某人或某物一时的情况,意为“有时候会”。 Crossing the street without looking around can be very dangerous. 过马路不左右看有时会很危险。 The road can be blocked. 路可能被堵塞了。【活学活用】To everyones surprise, Alex _play chess very well when he was only four. (2009年中考) A. mig
11、ht B. should C. would D. could 2.could的用法(1). 用于疑问句表示请求,语气较委婉,答语应用can。 Could you tell me how to get to the station?你能告诉我怎样去车站吗? Could I use your mobile phone?我能用一下你的手机吗? I wonder if you could lend me some money?不知道你能否借给我点钱? -Yes, I can. /No, Im afraid not. 可以。恐怕不行。 (2). 用于肯定句描述现在情况,常用于委婉地陈述看法。 What
12、shall we do this evening?今晚我们干什么? We could go to the cinema. 我们可以去看电影。 When we go to Beijing next month, we could stay with Jack. 下个月我们去北京吋可以和杰克待在一起。3. may表示可能性,常用于推测,暗指不确定。(1). 表示允许、请求或可能性,用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes, you may。否定回答一般用cant或mustnt. 如:May I ask you a question?Certainly. / You may go n
13、ow. / It may be in your pocket. She may know Toms address.她可能知道汤姆的地址。 He may be waiting for you at the station. 他可能在车站等你。 They may have got lost. 他们可能迷路了。 【注意】表示可能性时,may不用于疑问句。 (2). 当句中出现I am afraid, I am not sure等表示不确定含义时,常选用may或might。 I may go, but I dont really want to.我可能会去,但我不真想要去。 He may come,
14、 but I am not quite sure.他可能会来,但我还不十分确定。m afraid he might not come to attend the meeting today. 恐怕他今天不来参加会议了 (3). may用于表示许可,这一含义可用be allowed to的相应形式代替。 He may(is allowed to)go now.他可以走了。 We may(are allowed to)keep the book for two weeks. 这本书我们可以借用两周。 In that case you might bring your friend to live
15、with us. 如果那样,你可以把你的朋友接来和我们一起住。 I asked my teacher if I might go home half an hour earlier today. 我问老师,今天我是否可以提早半小时回家。 (4). 用“May I?”征询对方许可,在文体上比较正式,在语气上比较客气。 Maysmoke in this room?我可以在这个房间抽烟吗? 针对“May I?”的回答: May I use your pen? Yes, you may. / No, you may not. 在现代口语中,用“Can I?”征询对方意见更为常见。 Can I take
16、 this book out? Yes, you can. / No, you cant/ mustnt. (5). may用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed!祝你成功! May we never forget each other!但愿我们互相永不忘!4 must表示“必须”、“一定”的意思。(1). must表示义务和强烈的劝告,意为“必须”、“一定要”。 We must wear uniform when we go to school. 上学时我们必须穿校服。 You mustnt touch that kettle. Its hot. 你千万别碰那个水壶,它很烫。
17、(2). must用于有把握的推测,意为“一定是”、“准是”,其表达形式有以下几种: a. must be+名词形容词现在分词 b. must +动词原形 He must be a doctor.他一定是个医生。 He must be anxious to know the results. 他一定非常想知道结果。 You look happy. You must be having a good time. 你看上去很高兴。你一定玩得很愉快。 I failed the exam. You must think I am stupid! 我考试失败了。你一定认为我是个笨蛋!(3). must的
18、否定有如下三种形式,用于三种不同的场合: a. 含义为“不可能”:肯定:must be 否定:cannot be 肯定:It must be eleven oclock now. 现在一定已11点了。 否定:It cannot be eleven oclock now.现在不可能是11点。b.含义为“不必”:must do 否定:need not do或dont have to doWe must get up at six tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上必须6点起床。We need not get up at six tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上不必6点
19、起床。We dont have to get up at six tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上不必6点起床。 (4). 含义为“一定不要”,表示不许或禁止:must do 否定:mustnt doYou must park your car here. 你必须将车停在这儿。You mustnt park your car here. 你决不能将车停在这儿。(5). 请注意:以must提问的句子,可以用以下形式进行肯定或否定形式做答: Must we clean all the rooms?Yes, you must.No, you dont have to. No, you
20、 neednt.5. shall在问句中,可表示征求对方意见,与第一人称连用;但是在陈述句的第二、三人称的主语后或表示“命令”、“警告”、“允许”等。 Shall we go to the zoo this weekend?/ He shall bring his own book next time.6. should可表示“劝告”、“建议”、“惊奇”等意思。 (1). should“应该”,表示劝告、建议、命令,常与I think/I dont think/Do you think连用。 You look tired. You should go to bed. 你看上去累了,应该马上去睡
21、觉。 I think I should help him because he is in trouble. 我想我该帮他一把,因为他碰上麻烦了。 (2). should用于表达合理的推断或明显的结果,且所期待的事几乎是事实。 It is three oclock. The football game should begin soon. 现在是3点,足球比赛应该马上开始了。Shes been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass. 她一直很努力地为考试做准备,应该可以通过。7.will表示“意愿”、“决心”等意思. (1). will表
22、示意志、愿望和决心,常与I think/I don I will never do that again. 我决不再做那样的事了。 I wont let you down. 我决不会让你失望。 (2). will表示自然规律 If the water is heated to 100, it will boil. 水加热到摄氏100度就会沸腾。 Oil and water will not mix. 水和油不能混合。 (3). will表示习惯、倾向,多用于第三人称。 He will sit there hour after hour doing nothing. 他总是坐在那儿,接连几小时啥
23、也不干。Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.天气冷了,有些鸟就飞到南方去。8. would表示过去的“意愿”、“决心”等。(1) would表示过去反复发生的事,常与every day, often, frequently等连用。 During the vacation he would visit me every week.假期里他总是每周来看望我。 In those days the old man would get up very early in the morning and go f
24、or a walk in the fields. 在那些日子里,老人每天起得很早,到田间散步。 (2) would表示估计或猜想。 It would be about ten when he left home.他离家时大概10点了。 What would she be doing there?她会在那儿干什么呢? (3) would表示谦恭的请求,常用于疑问句。 Would you tell me the way to the station?请问你能告诉我去车站的路吗? Would you mind lending me that book?你能把那本书借给我吗? (4). would n
25、ot或wont常用于表示坚决地拒绝。 We asked him to take a rest, but he wouldnt listen. 我们叫他休息一会,但他就是不听。 He would not let me enter the room. 他就是不让我进房间。t listen to your nonsense.我才不听你那瞎扯呢。The dog wont stop barking.那狗就是叫个不9. need表示“需要”.(1). need的用法情态助动词肯定式I need buy a car.It s Sunday. I dont need to get up early.否定式We
26、ve got plenty of time. We needt hurry.He doesnt need to go.疑问式-Need we go tomorrow? -No, you neednt.Do you need any help?(2). need作情态动词,用于疑问、否定句和条件状语从句,意为“需要”,否定含义为“不必”。 Need they buy a new car?他们需要买一辆新车吗? You neednt come so early. 你不必这么早来。 If you need move the box away, please tell me.如果你需要把这个箱子搬走,
27、请告诉我。(3). need作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。 He needs to finish it this evening.他需要今晚完成这件事。 They didnt need to arrive so early. 他们不必这么早就来。(4). 表示对过去的否定,neednt have done与did not need to do有区别。 作情态动词时用neednt have done, 意为“过去本不必做但实际上已经做了”;作实义动词时用didnt need to do,意为“过去不必做而实际上也没有做” We neednt have taken so many clothes. The weather was so warm there. 实际上我们不必带那么多的衣服。那儿的天气很暖和。 We didnt need to take so many clothes. The weather was so warm there. 我们不必带很多衣服。那的天气很暖和。(5).请注意:情态动词need引导的疑问形式的几种正确回答。 Need I finish the work today? -Yes, you musthave to. / Yes, you ought
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1