新概念英语第三册笔记第39课教学提纲Word文档格式.docx

1、eg. The road was pitted after the rain.eg. The moons surface is pitted with many craters. 月球的表面有许多火山形成的坑洞。eg. Her eyes were pitted with joy.be littered with 杂乱的堆满eg. The road is littered with stones and pitted with holes.pittance n.微薄的薪俸或津贴eg. The chicken-food she was given for cleaning that home so

2、 beautifully was nothing but a pittance.nothing but 只是，上节课讲到的。 她给人家清扫房屋挣到的那点钱连塞牙缝的都不够。crater kret n.（火山的）喷火口；弹坑scoop sku:p n.凹穴，坑 （本意1、vt 用勺子舀 2、勺形物（特殊的勺子，比如冰淇淋，奶粉，咖啡）3、独家新闻（勺子舀出来的，挖掘出来的）Perturb pt:b v. 使不安=very upset （vt. 扰乱；使混乱；使心绪不宁）Be perturbed about sthHis threats didnt perturb her in the least

3、.Disturb 并非用心去扰乱，语气弱得多It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quite countryside.Plague pleg 病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼 （本意是瘟疫、鼠疫、天灾，引申出动词“使困扰”）The terrible disease plagued him. be plagued byTrouble 搅扰别人的安宁，舒适等 Sorry to give you trouble./sorry to trouble you.Worry 表达不安的心情到了忧虑的程度 He

4、 is worried about his sons safety.Upset 内心忐忑不安 I feel upset now because I am afraid I hurt you.Dismay 使沮丧underestimate v.低估了underestimate sb underestimate difficulty underestimate the importance of trainingoverestimate v.高估了under-under-develop 没有开发 under-develop areaundercooked 没炒熟的 undersell 廉价售出Sc

5、oop sku:p v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出She scooped out some suger.Make a scoop走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻That guy made a scoop.swerve sw:v v. （vi. 转弯；突然转向；背离vt. 使转弯；使突然转向；使背离n. 转向；偏离的程度）1）to make a sudden sideways movement in order to avoid hitting sth vi急转弯（以躲避）eg. The car swerved across the road and crashed into a wall.车子急忙躲闪横着

6、撞到了墙上。turn just in time 及时地躲开了veer ：v to change direction suddenly （1、vi突然转向 2、vi改变立场）2） to change from an idea, course of action （vt 使转向，使背离）eg. Nothing could swerve him from his aims.什么都动摇不了他的志向。scoop sku:p v. 挖出 （用勺子）挖出，铲出）1） scoop up 舀起，铲起eg. The children scooped up the snow with their hands to

7、build a snow man.eg. He cupped his hands and scooped up a little water.他捧起手舀了一些水。2） 迅速收拾起，抱eg. The mother scooped the baby up in her arms and ran from the flames.scoop out舀起，铲起，挖出 scoop out some sugar scoop out a tunnel 开凿隧道n.瓢，大勺，铲子a scoop of ice cream 一勺冰淇淋n.独家新闻eg. The journalist was sure that he

8、 had a scoop for his paper. eg. Whats the scoop? 有什么新闻（消息）吗?at one scoop 一下子 eg. He win 50 at one scoopget a scoop 捞了一大笔钱eg. He got a scoop in stocks and shares. 他在炒股过程中捞了一大笔钱。Make a scoop走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻 That guy made a scoop.hammer hm v 用锤子击打、捶打under the hammer 被拍卖；在拍卖hammer out 设计出；锤成；苦心想出hammer on

9、（对准位置）钉牢；敲紧hammer at 敲打；致力于hammer into 钉入；敲进；向硬灌steam hammer n. 机汽锤Ominously mnsli adv有预兆地 （恶兆地；不吉利地） Ominous mns adj 不祥的，不吉利的Look at those ominous black clouds.auspicious :sps adj.吉祥的，顺利的Omen mn n./vt预示着；预兆，征兆 This is a good/bad omen The clouds omen rain.什么的征兆the omen of 用的是of= the sign ofprelude p

10、relju:d n. 序幕，前奏prelude与介词to搭配表示“的前奏” key/ way/ answer的所有格用to a prelude to serious trouble Rip rp v. 划破，撕，扯 （猛地，用力地）（用力地撕开=forcefully Tear） （n 裂口）Rip the letter open Rip ones mask away. Let things rip:=let things beRip into攻击 Rip off 偷窃（宰客 ; 宰人 ; 裂开 ; 偷窃） rip up 撕碎 ; 撕毁 ; 斯毁“撕裂、扯破”的意思，其区别是：rip 侧重指用力

11、把布料等物撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物撕裂。tear 最普通用词，指有意或无意地把布或纸等没接缝的材料撕开。可作引申用。（tore, torn）split 非正式用词，指有力的切断、劈开或撕裂的动作。petrol petr（）l Br汽油gasoline （gas） gsli:n Am 汽油petroleum ptrlm 石油 （oil普通用词）crude oil 原油 petrol bomb 汽油弹 petrol station加油站OPEC: the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries eksp:t；k- 反义词 importSino

12、pec 中石化 SINO即中国，希腊语中表示中国的称谓，词头是Sino-表示中国的，例如中欧关系得说Sino-Euro，不能说China-Euro。PEC即Petroleum & Chemical Corporation。PE就是石油的缩写。C是化学品的缩写PetroChina 中石油Stretch n.一大片（量词）（作为名词时第二个意思：连续） （v.伸展，延伸，绵延）A stretch of land A stretch of waterAt a stretch连续地，不停顿地 We worked for hours at a stretch. We drove fast on a st

13、retch of open field.He is unable to work for long stretches.他不能连续地工作。 A stretch of hills也可作动词，（vt&vi .伸展，延伸，绵延）stretch out 伸出；到了极限He stretched out his hand to get the apple.There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles. （绵延）Transport was rather stretched in the Spring Festival. （伸展到极限）Obstacle

14、bstk（）l n.障碍 Obstacle to 对象用介词to引出Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用1）an object which blocks your way （挡住去路的）障碍（物） obstacle race 障碍赛跑2） sth that makes it difficult for you to achieve your aim 阻碍（多用于抽象含义）eg. Fear of change is the greatest obstacle to progress. Lack of

15、education is an obstacle to success.Constitute an obstacle to 构成障碍Remove/overcome an obstacle克服障碍put obstacles in the way （of）/ Put obstacle in sbs way妨碍某人的发展eg. His inability to speak English put a big obstacle in the way of his career. 语对其事业发展设置了障碍。obstruction bstrk（）n n.妨碍，阻挠 （the act of trying t

16、o prevent a political process or the act of blocking a road）obstruction of vital legislation 阻挠通过死刑立法 obstruction of trafficHindrance hndr（）ns 阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展You are more of hindrance than help.Obstacle 阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况barrier br n. （困难，问题等）妨碍 （a problem or rule that prevents people from doing

17、 sth）a psychological barrier 心理障碍 language barriern. 栅栏，关卡（设的卡子），检票口 （警察封路）put a barrier across the road 在路上设一个关卡clump klmp n. 丛，簇a clump of trees 树丛 a clump of bushes 灌木丛 a clump of grass 草丛cluster klst n.串，挂，群a cluster of grapes 一串葡萄 a cluster of farm houses 一排农舍 c cluster of bees 一群蜜蜂bunch bn（t）

18、一串，一束 （群；串；突出物）a bunch of flowers a bunch of keys a bunch of grapesfissure f（岩石或地面的）深的裂缝 （n. 裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧v. （使）裂开，分裂）词根是 fission 分裂，裂变 fusion聚变形容词 fissionable 可分裂的cellular fission 细胞分裂 seljl 细胞的 nuclear fission 核分裂crack krk n.细小裂痕，龟裂 （1、vt&vi使破裂; 破裂 2vt&vi使噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声 3、裂缝；裂纹，缝隙 4、爆裂声，破裂声）eg. Th

19、ere are several cracks in the vase.gap gp n. a space between two things （裂缝，间隙，差距）the generation gap 代沟 bridge the gap 沟通 bridge the gap between tradition and modernity 将传统溶于现代 md:ntrenew v. 重复续订，更新 （vt. 使更新；续借；续费；复兴；重申vi. 更新；重新开始）renew a subscription 续订刊物 renew a driving license更新驾照renew an attack

20、再次展开进攻 renew strength 体力renew pleadings 再三要求 renew a friendship 再续友情renewable adj. 可再生的；可更新的；可继续的 n. 再生性能源recoverable adj. 可收回的；可恢复的；可补偿的 space ship space shuttlerecyclable ri:saklbl adj. 可回收利用的；可再循环的 recycle v. 回收利用；使再循环；重新使用pleading plid n 恳求 （n. 恳求；答辩状adj. 恳求的v. 恳求；辩护；引证；承认（有罪或无罪）；以为借口（plead 的现在分

21、词）词根plead pli:d （vt. 借口；为.辩护；托称 vi. 恳求；辩护）1、V-I If you plead with someone to do something, you ask them in an intense, emotional way to do it. 恳求2、V-I When someone charged with a crime pleads guilty or not guilty in a court of law, they officially state that they are guilty or not guilty of the crim

22、e. 表示服罪/不服罪3、V-T If you plead the case or cause of someone or something, you speak out in their support or defence. 为辩护 He appeared before the committee to plead his case4、V-T If you plead a particular thing as the reason for doing or not doing something, you give it as your excuse. 以为借口 Mr. Giles p

23、leads ignorance as his excuse.gear n. 汽车排挡1）档（位）go in low gear shift gear 2） 一套用具 （a set of things that you wear for a particular activity）最常见的是军人背的“行军包”rain gear 雨具 protective gear 保护装置astride strad /prep.骑、跨 （with one leg on each side of sth）（prep. 跨（或骑）在上；（跨越）在上；在（河、路等的）两边adv.（人的两腿）分开地；跨着；骑着）If y

24、ou sit or stand astride something, you sit or stand with one leg on each side of it. 跨着 （某物） 地stride strad v.跨，跨骑 （vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在）stride a horse 骑马=ride astride the horse 跨骑在马背上k 缝隙n.细小裂痕，龟裂 （1、vt&zigzag zgzg n “之”字形（n. 之字形，锯齿形线条；急转弯 v. 曲折前进，作之字形行进adj. 曲折的，之字形的 adv. 曲折地，之字形地）shallow l 浅的 （adj.浅的；肤

25、浅的n. 地理 浅滩vt. 使变浅vi. 变浅）superficial ,su:pf（）l; ,sju:- adj. 表面的；肤浅的 ；表面文章的；外表的；（人）浅薄的superficial 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。shallow 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。grind grand v.摩擦 v./n. （ground, ground）1、vt磨，常用grind up表示把什么磨碎，或是把磨光，把磨锋利2、vt 碾压 Grind wheat into flour3、vi （机器因年久或过度使用而发出的） 刺耳的磨擦声

26、4、vi （机动车） 嘎嘎作响地缓慢移动Grind sth to piecesgrind to a halt/grind to a stop（1、（机动车） 轰隆隆地慢慢停下2、（经济或进程等） 渐渐地停止）come to a grinding halt 突然停下来，咯吱一声停下来grind your teeth 磨牙 Grind ones teeth in angern. 1、磨 2、苦差事eg. Waiting tables can be a red grind. 端盘子伺候人可是个苦差事。Halt n. 停=stop 1、使停住; 停住 2、使完全停止; 完全停止 3、n （活动、运动或进展的）中止; 终止They halt for a few minutes.Stop 最普通的用语，可代替cease（formal）,haltCease 非常正式的用词，表示中止 The heart will cease to beat when life ceased.Pause 暂停 time up时间到（times up）He paused for a breath.Halt又表示名词 Come to a halt/stopdashboard db:d n.仪表盘 （汽车等的仪表板）（一般特指汽车和飞