动词不定式学案.doc

1、动词不定式（The Infinitive）定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的构成 （以动词write为例）主动形式被动形式一般式to write进行式无完成式完成进行式无 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。主动形式: to do (表示现在或将来) to have done (表示已做) to be doing (表示在做) 被动形式: to be asked (表示将被做) to have been done (表示已被做) 否定形式: no

2、t/never to do not/never to have done not/never to be doing1) 尽量下次不要Try not to be late again next time.再迟到。(try)_2) 他希望我们不要再He wished us never to meet her again. 同她见面。(wish)_二、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。（一）不定式做主语： 不定式做主语时，一般表示具体的、个别的、一次性或具有将来意义的动作。e.g: To finish the bui

3、lding in a month is difficult. 中文： _To lose heart means failure. 中文： _完成句子： 眼见为实To see is to believe.To wait is better than to leave.。 English: _等待比离开好。 English: _ 注意: 1) 不定式作主语时,谓语用_数2) 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：句型I: It is +adj.+ ( of sb.) + to do sth. 形容词有:good

4、, kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, wise, foolish, honest, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly, selfish等,用于描述人的智力和表现等，不定式的主语可以被该形容词修饰.We were silly to believe him. It was silly of us to believe him.You were considerateIt was considerate of you to give me that coat. to give me that coa

5、t. _You were careless to leave your umbrella on the bus. _You are very kind to tell me the good news. _句型II: It is +adj.+ ( for sb.) + to do sth. It is +adj.+ for sth + to be done.形容词有: easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等，表示对某事、某种行为进行评论. Its hard f

6、or me to find a new job. 中文： _ Its important to learn English well. 中文： _ Its difficult for the problems to be solved. 中文： _句型III: It is + 名词 + ( for sb.) + to do sth.It is + 名词 + for sth + to be done.名词有: the first time, a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a pleasant thing, ones duty, an honor, a crime ,

7、no easy job等Its a good idea for the books to be given to her. 中文： _ Its the first time for Tom to be here. 中文： _Its our duty to help the boss receive visitors. 中文： _句型IV: It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do sth.It costs sb. some money to do sth.It requires courage / patience / hard w

8、ork to do sth.TranslationIts kind of you to help me。 Its silly of the students to cheat in the examination.Its an honor for us to attend such an important meeting.It is important for us to learn English very well.Its good manners to wait in line. It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother

9、 like that.It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It takes us two hours to fly to Paris from here.:a) 你帮我是好的。English：_b) 学生考试作弊是愚蠢的English：_c) 参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。English：_d) 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。English：_e) 排队等候是很有礼貌的。English：_f) 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。 English：_g) 十分钟完成这件工作是难的。English：_h) 从这乘飞机到

10、巴黎用我们连两个小时的时间。English：_i) 在河里游泳对你有许多好处。English：_j) 评论这部电影让我很疲劳。English：_（二）不定式做表语e.g.: My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. 中文： _Your mistake was not to write that letter. 中文： _注意： 当主语部分有实义动词do时，做标语的不定式可省略to。The only thing you should do is (to) wait and see. 疑问词how/what/when/where/which等可加不定式作表语。The question is how to improve our English.TranslationThe problem is how to get there on time.Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children. ：1) 问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。The problem is _