宁波大学考博英语真题A卷Word文件下载.docx

1、D.lecture解析：文章第一句开门见山指出目前存在的信息贫富差距（ divide） ， 第三句也“this looming danger”指代的就是这种信息差距， 因此可以推断第二句介绍的是这种贫富差距仍存在， 选A项。（2）.（分数：A.obscureB.visibleC.invisibleD.indistinct首先注意这句话的时态是过去时， 其中提到了“new, positive （3）_ that work against the digital divide”， 所以可以推断出作者想说明过去和现在的区别， 这种新的对抗力量势必在过去不明显。 而visible的意思就是明显的； 能

2、注意到的， 故选B。 obscure和indistinct都有“模糊不清的”的含义， 在此处和less搭配在一起与想表达的意思相反了。（3）.（分数：A.forcesB.obstaclesC.eventsD.surprises第二段主要介绍新的信息获取方式， 即因特网， 它就属于对抗信息不对等的新的力量之一。 故选A项。（4）.（分数：A.SeriouslyB.EntirelyC.ActuallyD.Continuously从下文第二段中可以推断作者想表达要相信现在的对抗信息差距的手段和力量。 此空格需要填副词， 用来承上启下， 选项A、 B、 D的意思都不符， 可以排除， 故选C， 意思是“

3、事实上”。（5）.（分数：A.negativeB.optimisticC.pleasantD.disappointed从下文第二段第一句提到“There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow”， 暗示的确有依据可以对缩小这种信息差距抱有乐观态度。 因此选B项。（6）.（分数：A.developedB.centralizedC.realizedD.commercialized后半句提到企业为了利益普及互联网， 所以说互联网也变得越来越商业化。 因此选D项。（7）.（分数：A.usersB.producer

4、sC.customersD.citizens该句提到“the more people online”， 随着互联网商业化， 这些人也就变成潜在的（ potential） 消费者了。 因此选C项。（8）.（分数：A.enterprisesB.governmentsC.officialsD.customers上文讲完企业， 随即就引出另一个主体， 即政府。 出于国家利益， 它们也支持互联网普及。（9）.（分数：A.awayB.forC.asideD.behind这题可和上一题一起考虑， 政府担心的无非就是在竞争中自己的国家落后。 这里考察词组leave somebody behind， 把某人落在

5、后面。（10）.（分数：A.nettedB.workedC.putD.organized随着互联网普及， 人们的联系更加紧密， A选项可以很形象地描绘出这种互联网人际关系， 因为net本身有“网”的含义。 而文中没有提及人们一起工作， 所以B选项不适合。（11）.（分数：A.decreaseB.narrowC.neglectD.low本句中“rather than widen”提示我们要选一个widen的反义词。 本文主要介绍互联网缩小信息差距， 因此选B。（12）.（分数：A.containingB.preventingC.keepingD.combating本句意思是互联网是对抗贫穷的最有

6、效方式， 故选D， combat在这里作及物动词， 意思是“对抗， 缓解不良现象”。 句中poverty后面的定语从句“that weve ever had”说明贫穷已经存在， 因此选B不太合适。（13）.（分数：A.winB.detailC.defeatD.fear重复12题中的对抗解决贫穷， 所以选择C选项。 而选项A， win一般表示赢得某样东西，所以用在这里不合适。（14）.（分数：A.enormousB.countlessC.numericalD.big此句强调互联网有巨大潜力。 在这里需要选择一个形容词， A符合题意。 B选项意思是“数不尽的”， 文中没有提及互联网其他的用处。 C

7、选项意思是“数字的； 用数字表示的”，如numerical data（ 数字数据） 。（15）.（分数：A.bringB.keepC.holdD.take前文明确互联网的作用， 那么这一段就讨论如何利用好它， 提出建议。 此处考察固定搭配take advantage of something， 意思是“利用好某物”， 故选D。（16）.（分数：A.atB.withC.ofD.for此处考察介词搭配。 with respect to something意思是“关于， 至于”， 这里指落后国家应该就外资问题上抛弃他们的偏见。（17）.（分数：A.offenceB.investmentC.invas

8、ionD.insult这里的定语从句修饰countries， 这些国家把外资视为对其主权的侵犯， 所以选C，（invasion of something）。 而选项D一般不跟介词of， 常见为insult to sb/sth。（18）.（分数：A.constructionB.facilityC.infrastructureD.institution此句中括号部分“basic structural foundations of a society”其实就是空格所填单词的释义，而下一句中又有industrial infrastructure出现， 可以推知选C。（19）.（分数：A.whyB.wh

9、ereC.whenD.how前文提到美国没有建设基础设施的资金， 所以最后利用外资进行建设。 这和上文就是一个因果关系， 所以选A。（20）.（分数：A.concerningB.concludingC.accordingD.including此处考察“roads, harbors, highways, ports”和infrastructure的关系， 很明显后者包括前者，故选D。二、Reading Comprehension（总题数：0，分数：0.00）三、Part A（总题数：4，分数：40.00）Text 1When musing on cities over time and in o

10、ur time, from the first （whenever it was） to today, we must always remember that cities are artifacts. Forests, jungles, deserts, plains, oceansthe organic environment is born and dies and is reborn endlessly, beautifully, and completely without moral constraint or ethical control. But citiesdespite

11、 the metaphors that we apply to them from biology or nature （“The city dies when industry flees”; “The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”）, despite the sentimental or anthropomorphic devices we used to describe citiesare artificial. Nature has never made a city, and what Nature

12、 makes that may seem like a cityan anthill, for instanceonly seems like one. It is not a city.Human beings made and make cities, and only human beings kill cities, or let them die. And human beings do bothmake cities and unmake themby the same means: by acts of choice. We enjoy deluding ourselves in

13、 this as in other things. We enjoy believing that there are forces out there completely determining our fate, natural forcesor forces so strong and overwhelming as to be like natural forcesthat send cities through organic or biological phases of birth, growth, and decay. We avoid the knowledge that

14、cities are at best works of art, and at worst ungainly artifactsbut never flowers or even weedsand that we, not some mysterious force or cosmic biological system, control the creation and life of a city.We control the creation and life of a city by the choices and agreements we makethe basic choice

15、being, for instance, not to live alone, the basic agreement being to live together. When people choose to settle, like the starts, not wander like the moon, they create cities as sites and symbols of their choice to stop and their agreement not to separate. Now stasis and proximity, not movement and

16、 distance, define human relationships. Mutual defense, control of a river or harbor, shelter from natural forcesall these and other reasons may lead people to aggregate, but once congregated, they then live differently and become different.A city is not an extended family. That is a tribe or clan. A

17、 city is a collection of disparate families who agree to function: They agree to live as if they were as close in blood or ties of kinship as they are in physical proximity. Choosing life in an artifact, people agree to live in a state of similitude. A city is a place where ties of considerable pact

18、, a city. If a family is an expression of continuity through biology, a city is an expression of continuity through will and imaginationthrough mental choices making artifice, not through physical reproduction.10）（1）.The authors purpose is primarily to_.2）A.identify the sources of popular discontent

19、 with citiesB.define the city as growing out of a social contractC.illustrate the difference between cities and villagesD.compare cities with blood familiesA选项和C选项文中都没有具体体现， 首先排除。 D选项在最后一段中提到， 但是不是本文写作的主要目的。 B选项才是作者通篇想表达的内容， 即城市是由人们达成一种认同而形成的。 如第三段第一句提到人们是通过形成共识才创造了城市。 最后一段中第三、 四句也提到人们同意的生活方式（ agree

20、） 。 所以选B。（2）.The author cites the sentence “The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”（Paragraph 1） as_.A.an example of one type of figurative languagesB.a simple statement of scientific factC.a momentary digression from his central thesisD.a paradox with ironic implications题干句子出现在

21、第一段第三句句子中， 用来具体解释metaphors的类型， 隐喻属于一种修辞语言， 所以选A。（3）.The authors attitude toward the statements quoted in “The city dies when industry flees”; “The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism” in Paragraph 1 is_.A.respectfulB.ambivalentC.skepticalD.approving第一段第三句提到， “But citiesdespite（Th

22、e neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism） are artificial.”， 主干是说明城市是人造的， 而不是despite后面跟的那部分， 所以可推测作者的态度是对题干句子持怀疑的。 故正确答案为C项。（4）.According to this passage, why is an anthill by definition unlike a city?A.It can be casually destroyed by human beings.B.Its inhabitants outnumber the inha

23、bitants of even the largest city.C.It is a work of instinct rather than of imagination.D.It exists on a far smaller scale than any city does.从21题可知， 城市是由人们形成共识而建成的， 城市中的人们很难分开， 因为城市难以被消灭， 这就是其和anthill的主要区别。 所以选A项， 其他选项在文中没有直接依据。（5）.Mutual defense, control of waterways, and shelter from the forces of nature are presented primarily an example of motives for people to_.A.move away from their enemiesB.gather together in settlementsC.welcome help from their kinfolk