常用语言学术语Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音Bilingualism双语现象1Black English黑人英语Blending混合法Borrowing借用bound morpheme黏着语素brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点broad transcription宽式音标Brocas area布罗卡区caretaker speech保姆语case格Case Condition格条件case marking格标志causative ve

2、rb使役动词central vowel中元音cerebral cortex大脑皮层cerebral plasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classical language古典语言clipping略写法closed class word封闭类词code代码code-switching代码切换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词color word色彩词 concept概念conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音2constituent成分constituent structure成分结构constraint制约constru

3、ction结构content word实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis对比分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原则coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播declaration宣告类deep structure深层结构dental齿音derivation派生法derivational morpheme派生语素derivativ

4、e派生词descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctive feature区别性特征D-structure深层结构duality

5、of structure结构二重性edouble articulation结构二重性embedded clause嵌入句emotive meaning表情意义entailment含义entity实体epenthesis插入音Error Analysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语3evaluative meaning评价意义expressives表达类factive predicate叙述性谓词family tree谱系树feature symbol特征标记features of meaning意义特征finite clause限定小句finite verb限定动词formalize形式

6、化fossilization语言僵化framework框架free morpheme自由语素fricative擦音front vowel前元音function word虚词functional shift功能性转换functor element起功能作用成分gender性Generative Grammar生成语法Generative Semantics生成语义学 glide滑音glottal喉音glottis声门gradable antonym/opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammatical meaning语法意义Great Vowel Shift

7、元音大变位hard palate硬腭head中心词，核心词hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次结构high variety高层次变体 historical linguistics历史语言学holophrastic sentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词idiolect个人语言特点illocutionary act言外形为4inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印欧语

8、系infinitive marker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectional morpheme曲折语素input输入instrumental motivation工具性学习动机intake接受integrative motivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage中介语，语际语internalize内在化 intonation语调intuition直觉labeled （unlabeled） tree diagram加标记树形图labial唇音LAD语言习得机制Language Acquisition Devicelanguage a

9、cquisition语言习得language behavior语言行为language center语言中枢language faculty语言机制language family语系language perception语言感知language planning语言规划language variation语言变异larynx喉lax vowel松元音level层；平面level of language语言层次lexical category词类lexical structure词汇结构lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇linear structure线性结构 linguistic d

10、eterminism语言决定论linguistic lateralization语言侧化linguistic performance语言运用linguistic relativism语言相对论linguistic repertoire全部语言知识linguistic taboo禁忌语linguistics语言学5liquid流音loan word外来词localization定位locutionary act言内行为low variety低层次语言变体manner of articulation发音方法matrix clause主句maxim of manner方式准则maxim of qua

11、lity质量准则maxim of quantity数量准则maxim of relation关联准则meaning意义meaningfulness有意义meaning relation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistic theory精神论message信息metathesis语音变位Middle English中世纪英语minimal pair最小对立对Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素morphlogical rule形态学规则morphology形态学mother tongue母语Move 移动规则movement r

12、ule移位规则naming theory命名论narrow transcription严式音标narrowing of meaning词义缩小nasal cavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化natural route of development自然发展轨道negator否定词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-place predication空位述谓结构object宾语Old English古英语one-place predication一位述谓结构optimum age最佳学习年龄oral cavity口腔6overextension扩展

13、过度overgeneralization概括过度overt thought有声思维palatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行为pharyngeal cavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemic contrast音位对立 phonological rule音位规则phonology音位学phrasal category词组类phrase structure rule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语place of artic

14、ulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓结构predication analysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀presprictive （grammar）规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期qualifying predication修饰性述谓结构Rece

15、ived Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性Reference所指语义referring expression所指名词register语域7relational opposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类response反应retroflex卷舌音rewrite rule重写规则rounded vowel圆唇元音SAE标准美国英语Sapir-Whorf hypothesis萨皮尔-沃尔夫假设second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semantic anom

16、aly语义异体semantic deviation语义变异semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学semantic structure语义结构semantic triangle语义三角sense意义sequential rule序列规则setting背景；环境sexist language性别歧视语sibilant咝音simple sentence简单句Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系situational dialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguist

17、ics社会语言学soft palate软腭species-specific capacity物种特有能力specifier指示语spectrograph频谱仪speech act言语行为 speech variety言语变体S-structure表层结构standard language标准语stem词干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structural constituency结构成分性structural linguistics结构主义语言学8subject主语subordinate predication主从述谓性结构subscript下标subvocal predi

18、cation无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmental feature超切分特征surface structure表层结构synchronic linguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntactic ambiguity句法歧义syntactic category句法类型syntactic rule句法规则syntax句法taboo word禁忌词target language目标语tautology同义反复teeth ridge齿龈隆骨telegraphic speech电报式言语tense and aspect时和体tense vo

19、wel紧元音tone音调；声调tone language声调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法transformational rule转换规则tree diagram树形图two-place predication双位述谓结构unaspirated不送气underextension扩展不足Universal Grammar普遍语法Utterance话语utterance meaning话语意义uvula小舌validity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocal cord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不带音的，清音的voicing带音化，浊音化9vowel元音Wernickes area韦尼克区widening of meaning词义扩大X-bar theory X标杆理论10