英语语法培训资料Word格式文档下载.docx

1、5 表示“目的、结果”The two parties sat down to talk, hoping to avoid further conflict.I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it.我摔了个跟头，头撞在了门上，划了个口子。 现在分词前加上一些副词，以表达更为确切的意义。 与 ” when, while ” 等连用，表示“时间”。He read through the newspaper while having the breakfast.Some students stammered when speak

2、ing in front of the teacher. 与”thus”连用，表示“结果”。John did not come along, thus making it necessary for us to get someone else to replace him. 与”though, although”连用，表示“让步”。Though working day and night, he still could not make enough money to pay off his debts.Although answering all the questions in the

3、rest, Xiaogai did not get a good grade. 与”even if, even though”等连用，表示“条件”。Even if still functioning, the old machine would be of no great value.Even though raining, we had to start out as planned. 与”as if, as though”连用，表示“比较”。The man walked hurriedly, but suddenly stopped, as if remembering somethin

4、g.Helen sat down in a quiet corner, as though waiting for someone to come. 一般说来，现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。但是如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，它便要加上自己主语而形成独立主格结构。The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as et hit the ground.飞机坠毁了，它携带的炸弹在它触地的同时爆炸了。The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.He stared at the coming girl,

5、 his eyes widening.All the people having arrived, the chairman declared the meeting open.21动名词的基本用法1. 用作句子的主语Reading French is easier than speaking it. He found that parking was difficult.2. 用作句子的表语Her hobby is painting.Her job is looking after old people3. 用作句子的宾语 用作介词宾语Touch your toes without bend

6、ing your knees.Do you feel like going out?We had difficulty in finding a parking place. to在下列短语中是介词，后面应当跟名词、代词或动名词：look forward to; be usedto; object to等。I am looking forward to seeing you.我期待着见到你。I am used to standing in queues.我已习惯排队。I object to paying twice for the same thing.我不赞成为一件东西付两次钱。 某些短语名

7、词后面要求接动名词。常见的有：care for, give up, keep on, put off, see about.I dont care for standing in queues.我不在乎排队。He put off making a decision till he had more information.他推迟到获得详情后再作决定。 用作动词宾语。后面可以跟动名词的动词有：admit; enjoy; appreciate; escape; avoid; excuse; consider; imagine; finish; delay; forgive; dislike; ke

8、ep; mind; pardon; risk; practice; prevent; suggestHe admitted taking the money.Would you consider selling the property?你愿意考虑卖出这产业吗？He narrowly escaped being run over.他差点被车压死。He didnt want to risk getting wet.他不愿冒被淋湿的危险。 下列词组后也可接动名词作宾语：cant stand; cant bear; help; 另外 it is no use/good以及形容词worth 后面可接动

9、名词。I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.I couldnt help laughing.It is no use arguing.Is there anything here worth buying?4. 用于名词前作定语动名词作定语表示某种东西的用途a diving board跳板；a walking stick 手杖；the waiting room 候车间5. 动名词常用于简短的禁令中No smoking.禁止吸烟。No fishing 禁止钓鱼。 这类句子不能有宾语，如有宾语则常用祈使句表示。Do not touch these w

10、ires.请勿接触电线！Do not feed the lions.请勿向狮子投喂食物！6. 动名词前可加上所有格或宾格代词。如：He insisted on my/me reading it.他坚持要我读一读。He disliked my/me working late. excuse , forgive, pardon, prevent后面不能直接跟动名词，而要跟“代词+动名词”。Forgive me/my ringing you up so early You cant prevent his/him spending his own money. Appreciate后面常跟一个“所有

11、格形容词+动名词”或动名词的被动式。I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.我感激你为我花了这么多的时间。I appreciate being given this opportunity.非常感谢给了我这次机会。 动名词还可加上名词和名词所有格。I cant remember my mother/mothers complaining about it.我不记得母亲为此抱怨过。21现在分词作定语和补足语1. 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语，表示分词动作与被修饰名词之间的主动关系。 单个的现在分词作定语时通常放在名词之前。Running

12、water自来水；floating boats漂浮着的船；dripping taps 滴着水的水龙头；living pipes 漏水的管道；laughing audience 大笑着的观众；flying kites 正在飞着的风筝The bloating water is hot.沸水很热。A sleeping child is good to look at.熟睡中的婴儿很好看。She has a smiling face.她一脸的微笑。注：上述现在分词表示动作正在进行中。 表示心理状态的现在分词有“令人之意”如：An exciting event 令人兴奋的事件；an amusing st

13、ory 有趣的故事。This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.这是我见过最令人困惑的制度。Dived come with some surprising news.大卫带来一些令人吃惊的消息。 现在分词短语作定语时要放在名词之后。A map marking political boundaries （=a map that marks political boundaries）一张标明中国行政疆域的地图。People wishing to visit the caves （=people who wish to visit the c

14、aves）希望参观岩洞的人们。Children need medical attention （=children who need medical attention）需要医疗护理的孩子们Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?His new book containing useful information has been well received.2. 现在分词作补足语现在分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间具有主动关系，即宾语是现在分词逻辑上的主语。The teacher found a student dozing off.老师发现了一个打瞌睡

15、的学生。Dont keep the visitor waiting Have+宾语+现在分词，意为“让一直或反复作某事”还可用于否定句中，不容忍某人作某事He had me swimming in a week.他一星期就教会我游泳了。We had people standing on our steps all day.我们的台阶上整天站着人。I wont have him cleaning his bike in the kitchen.我不能让他在厨房中擦洗他的车。 感觉动词see, hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch, 等+宾语+现在

16、分词意为“看、听、感觉、闻、注意到在作”I see him passing my house every day.Didnt you here the clock striking?I felt the car skidding我感觉汽车在打滑。She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. Catch, find +宾语+现在分词，意为撞见、看见在作某事”。If she catch you reading her diary, shell be furious.如果他看见你正在偷看她的日记，他一定会发火的。He found a tree l

17、ying across the road Keep, leave+宾语+现在分词，意为“让或使作某事”Im sorry to keep you waiting so long.Dont leave the water running.19 it句型归纳1. It is+daj+（for sb ./sth ）+to do sth./that 从句常用于此短语的形容词有：pity, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等：It

18、 is necessary to change your job.It was hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow.It is clear that you are wrong2. It is +n, （+for sb / sth ）+to do sth /that从句用于此种句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good, manners,等，如：It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderf

19、ul play.It is bad manners for the young to take up seats for the olds.It is a pity that you didnt come to the party yesterday.3. It is+daj + of sb +to do sth此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德和特征。能用于该句的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等，如：How silly it was of you to give up such

20、 a good chance.It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.4. It is+daj（+n）+dong sth此句型中常见的形容词和名词有：no/little use, no/much good, useless等，如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.5. It takes sb +一段时间+to do sth 作某事花费某人多长时间It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the s

21、ea.6. It is+过去分词+that从句此句型常见的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered.It is reported that Russian president will visit china next week.7. It+不及物动词+that从句此句型中常见的不及物动词有：seem, happen, appear, matter, It seems that there will be heavy snow tomorrow,It happened that I me

22、t my good friends in the museum yesterday.8. 强调句型 it+被强调部分+that/who从句在使用强调句型时注意，指认时可用who或that,其他情况一律用that.It was under the bad that my brother did the ball this morning.It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and looks after the old man.9. It+is/has been+一段时间+since从句在此种句型中since从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时It is/has be

23、en three years since we saw each other. Since 在句中的谓语动词如是延续性动词，则句子通常有否定之意。It is three years xince he worked in this factory.It is 3 months since he smoked.10. It was（will be ）+一段时间+before从句It was long before I saw him againIt will be 3 months before we take the entrance exam. 此句型通常用于否定句中，意为“不久后就；过后就”

24、It wasnt long before he returned from abord.It wont be long before the village looks what it used to be.11. It is （high ）time to that从句该句型表示“某人现在该作作某事了”，从句中的谓语常用过去时（虚拟语气），说明现在应该作的事情。Its six oclock. It is high time that we went home now.12. 主语+谓语+it+adj./+to do./doing/从句 We think it important to lear

25、n a foreign language. They found it strange that no one would take the money.Do you consider it any good giving more money to him?18 it的基本用法1. 指已言及的非生物、语句、性别不明的人或不特别考虑的婴儿、动植物等。He took a stone and threw it.They were all shouting-it was terrible.“who is that?”its me, harry!”What a beautiful baby is it

26、 a girl?【考例1】I was disappointed with the film. I had expected_ to be much better.A.that B. this C. one D .it【点拨】此题答案应选D。it 指代前面的名词the film.【考例2】Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but_ didnt help.A.he B. which C. she D .it 【点拨】此题答案应为D。it 指代前面的句子。 【考例3】Someone is ringing the bell

27、. Go and see _ A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D .who it isit 指代身份不明的人，常用于打电话或有人敲门等情形时。2. 指心中所记或成为问题的人、物、事情、行动等。如“Whos that?”Its the postman!Youre a damn good newsman, but dont let it go to your head If you remember these points it will help you.3. 作非人称动词的主语，或泛指天气、自然环境、时间、距离、状态等。Its very hot.It looks like rain.It will soon be Christmas.It is five miles to the station.Had it not been for you, I would have failed.It seems to e a big problemIts my turn.4. 在某些