专题2.3+Amazing+people(基础知识清单)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料.doc

1、2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料模块二 Unit 3基础知识梳理(知识清单)一、词汇1.背诵词汇单词apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用，应用application n. 申请，申请表格；应用applicant n. 申请人breathe v. 呼吸breath n. 呼吸connection n. 联系connect v.联系curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n. 好奇心death n. 死亡die v. 死，去世dying adj. 垂死的；渴望的deadly adj. 致命的devotion n. 奉献；忠臣；专心de

2、vote v. 致力于，奉献devoted adj. 献身的，忠诚的；深爱的，挚爱的discourage v.使灰心；劝阻courage n. 勇气encourage v. 鼓励encouragement n. 鼓励disturb v.打扰，扰乱disturbing adj.令人不安的disturbed adj.感到不安的disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱entrance n. 入口 enter v. 进入explorer n. 探险家，探索者exploration n. 探索；勘探explore v. 探索；勘探fortune n.大笔的钱，财富；运气fortunate adj.幸运的

3、fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunate adj. 不幸的unfortunately adv.不幸地misfortune n.不幸，灾祸inspire v. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞inspiration n. 灵感；激励inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的murder vt. & n.谋杀murderer n.谋杀者optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱有乐观看法的optimism n. 乐观，乐观主义optimist n. 乐观主义者；乐天派organization n. 组织，机构organize v. 组织organizer n.组织者preserve v

4、.保护，保存，保持preservation n.保存，保护preserver n.保护人，维护者punishment n. 惩罚punish v. 惩罚 requirement n. 要求，规定require v.要求scientific adj. 科学的science n. 科学scientist n. 科学家shortly adv.不久，很快short adj.短的，矮的，短缺的shorten v. 缩短，使变短survival n. 幸存，存活survive v. 幸存；生存survivor n. 幸存者various adj. 各种各样的vary v. 变化variety n. 种类w

5、arning n.警告warn v.警告desire n.愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望labour n. &vi.劳动，努力工作orbit n. 轨道，vt.沿轨道运行，围绕运动 swallow v. 吞下,吞咽signal n.信号，v.发信号，表明coincidence n.巧合，碰巧content n.内容 adj.满意的indeed adv.的确，确实native本地的，本国的outgoing adj.爱交际的，友好的，外向的quality n.品质，质量rare adj.稀有的，罕见的superior n.上级，上司；adj.更好的，更高的tomb n.坟墓whichever

6、pron.无论哪个，无论哪些widespread adj.广泛的，普遍的within prep.在之内，不超过短语apply for a job申请一份工作be curious about对好奇 in control of掌管，控制 breathe in吸进 catch ones attention引起某人的注意 come across 偶然碰到 come into use开始使用get in touch with 与联系 go out(灯)熄灭，外出，出去in connection with关于，与有关look up to sb.尊敬某人 pay off偿清(债务)，得到回报result i

7、n/lead to导致 set sail 起航 2.识记词汇单词airplane n.飞机astronaut n.宇航员candidate n.候选人，申请人captain n.船长，飞机机长，队长，海军上校，陆军，空军上尉clothing n.衣物companion n.伴侣，陪伴data n. (pl)数据，资料Egyptianadj.埃及的；埃及人的；n.埃及人female n.& adj.女性(的)nationality n.国籍north-east n.东北riddle n.谜rocket n.火箭sex n.性别status n.地位，身份virus n.病毒valley n.山谷

8、，峡谷voyage n.航行，(尤指)航海，航天短语go down in history载入史册show great devotion to对表现出极大的忠诚/专心thanks to多亏，由于 win sb. the status of为某人赢得的地位二、句型1.only+动词不定式句型【教材原句】He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day.(P43)他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧。2.not onlybut also句型【教材原句】They not only studied all the subject

9、s required to be an astronaut but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. (P58)他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。3.强调句【教材原句】Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finall

10、y won him the status of Chinas first astronaut. (P58)虽然杨利伟并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。三、语法复习本单元的Grammar and usage：过去完成时。一、过去完成时的形式及用法过去完成时的形式为had done。其用法如下：1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”，可图示为：这个过去的某一时间可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示

11、。到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here, the film had already started.我到广州时，他在那里已经很长时间了。When I came to Guangzhou, he had been there for a long time.注意：在before, after, as soon as等引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间先后，所以可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。Many people left

12、 for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。【高考典例】(2014北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived. A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started【答案】D【解析】句意：我发现这个讲座很难跟上趟。因为当我到的时候，它就开始了。根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始的，而句中我到达使用了arrived，而报告是在这之前发生的，所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。2.表示由过去的某一时刻开

13、始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。当公交车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。I had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.他说自从1979年以来他就在那家工厂工作。He said he had worked in that factory since 1979.二、常使用过去完成时的情况1.在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Mr. Smith died yesterday

14、. He had been a good friend of mine.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.【高考典例】(2014浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ most of the guests before. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see【答案】B2.过去完成时用于宾语从句：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，从句要用过去完成时。那位老人说她当过30年的教师。The old woman said she had been a teacher for thirty years.【高考典例】(2011江西卷)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _into the office during the night.A. broke B. had broken C. h