1、一般将来时讲解与练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态句中一般有以下时间状语:tonight,in the future,tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天),in+段时间(在.之后)等。二、基本结构:主语+be going to + do; 主语+will+ do. 主语(只能为I /We)+shall+do三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not;will后加not成wont;shall后加not成shant例如:Im going to have a picnic
2、 this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句:be或will或shall提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go for a walk this weekend. Are you going to go for a walk this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New Yor
3、k soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a match with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon? 3. 问什么时候。When. 例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimmi
4、ng tomorrow.七、be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,但它们的用法是有区别的。(1)be going to主要用于: 1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。E.g. What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么? Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 Im going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。Shes going to play
5、 the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。E.g.Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。(2) will主要用于在以下几个方面:1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Y
6、ang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg: Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗?Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗?八、一般将来
7、是特殊用法:1) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday.2) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。3)有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来:例如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start, die.如:Im going to go to th
8、e zoo this weenend.= Im going to the zoo this weenend. Hes going to leave for Paris.= Hes leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。4)要注意“主将从现”这一语法现象:重要连词有: if (如果),as soon as (一.就.),when(当.时候),before,after,until(直到 not.until直到.才) , unless(=not.if 除非).If it rains, we won
9、t have a picnic next week.Ill tell you the news as soon as you come back. 时态详解:一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如:What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么?We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。
10、He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。 2. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,只能用此结构。如:What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不来,我们该怎么办?Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗?I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。(from )(2) be going to + 动词
11、原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如:We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云,我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。(3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要
12、做的事情。如:Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了?When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书?The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。(4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语。如:Dont leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了,李蕾就要来了。Be quiet. T
13、he concert is about to start. 安静下来,音乐演唱会就要开始了。(5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如:Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一点吧,我就来。The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点,商店就要关门了。(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的
14、动作。比方说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如:Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙,回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回。(from ) 一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow(如明天下雨我就不来。)例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shallwill”。关于“shallwill”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shallwill”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的“shallwill”的用法就可以中规中矩了。说或写都尽量使用“Ill, Youll, Hell , Shell , Itll, Well , Theyll ”的简缩形(如用法例2、3)。要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)例A:I wont see him aga
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