英文版宏观经济典型例题附带答案15页.docx

1、英文版宏观经济典型例题附带答案15页Macroeconomics1、2、3、4、Abby consumes only apples. In year 1, red apples cost 1 dollar each, green apples cost 2 dollar each, and Abby buys 10 red apples. In year 2, red apples cost 2 dollar, green apples cost 1 dollar, and Abby buys 10 green apples.a.Compute a consumer price index f

2、or apples for each year. Assume that year 1is the base year in which the consumer basket is fixed. How does your index change from year 1 to year 2?b.Compute Abbys nominal spending on apples in each year. How does it change from year 1 to year 2?c.Using year 1 as the base year, compute Abbys real sp

3、ending on apples in each year. How does it change from year 1 to year 2?d.Defining the implicit price deflator as nominal spending divided by real spending, compute the deflator for each year. How does the deflator change from year 1 to year 2?Suppose that Abby is equally happy eating red or green a

4、pples. How much has the true cost of living increased for Abby? Compare this answer to your answers to parts (a) and (d). What does this example tell you about Laspeyres and Paasche price indexes? a. According to the CPI(消費物價指數), prices have doubled.b. N-spending is the total value of output produce

5、d in each year. In Y1 and Y2, Abby buys 10 apples for $1 each, so her N-spending remains constant at $10. c. R-spending is the total value of output produced in each year valued at the prices prevailing in Y1,the base year,her R-spending equals her N-spending of $10. In year 2, she consumes 10 green

6、 apples that are each valued at their Y1 price of $2, so her real spending is $20. Hence, Abbys real spending rises from $10 to $20.d. Thus, the implicit price deflator suggests that prices have fallen by half. e. If Abby thinks of red apples and green apples as perfect substitutes, then the cost of

7、 living in this economy has not changed.According to the CPI, however, the cost of living has doubled. In contrast to the CPI, the implicit price deflator estimates the cost of living has halved. Thus, the CPI, a Laspeyres index, overstates the increase in the cost of living and the deflator, a Paas

8、che index, understates it. This chapter of the text discusses the difference between Laspeyres and Paasche indices in more detail.5、6、Suppose that an economys production function is Cobb-Douglas with parameter .a. What fractions of income do capital and labor receive?b. Suppose that immigration incr

9、eases the labor force by 10 percent. What happen to total output? The rental price of capital? The real wage?c. Suppose that a gift of capita form abroad raises the capital stock by 10 percent. What happens to total output(in percent). The rental price of capital? The real wage?d. Suppose that a tec

10、hnological advance raises the value of the parameter A by 10 percent. What happens to total output? The rental price of capital? The real wage?7、Suppose that the money demand function takes the forma.If output grows at rate g, at what rate will the demand for real balances grow(assuming constant nom

11、inal interest rates)?b.What is the velocity of money in this economy?c.If inflation and nominal interest rates are constant, at what rate, if any, will velocity grow?d.How will a permanent increase in the level of interest rates affect the level of velocity? How will it affect the subsequent growth

12、rate of velocity?8、Consider an economy with the following Cobb-Douglas production function:The economy has 1000 units of capital and a labor force of 1000 workers.a.Derive the equation describing labor demand in this economy as a function of the real wage and the capital stock.b.If the real wage can

13、 adjust to equilibrate labor supply and labor demand, what is the real wage? In this equilibrium, what are employment, output, and the total amount earned by workers?c.Now suppose that Congress, concerned about the welfare of the working class, passes a law requiring firms to pay workers a real wage

14、 of 1 unit of output. How does this wage compare to the equilibrium wage?d.Congress cannot dictate how many workers firm hire at the mandated wage. Given this fact, what are the effects of this law? Specifically, what happens to employment, output and the total amount earned by workers?e.Will Congre

15、ss succeed in its goal of helping the working class? Explain.f.Do you think that this analysis provides a good way of thinking about a minimum-wage law? Why or why not?9、One country , A, the capital share of GDP is 30 percent, the average growth in output is 3 percent per year, the depreciation rate

16、 is about 4 percent per year, and the capital-output rate is about . Suppose that the production function is Cobb-Douglas, so the capital share is constant, and that country A has been in a steady state ;.a. What must the saving rate be in the initial? b. Compare the capital-output ratio at the Golden Rule steady state to the capital-output ra