1、”1.3 Enhance your professional growth有助于获得就业和提升机会公众演讲这门课程的应用领域几乎没有限制,能够渗透到诸如教育、政府、新闻、法律、经管、公关、销售等诸多方面,这就为学习该课程的人们提供了广阔的就业和发展前景。有一项对家企业的人力资源部经理的民意调查显示,促使大学毕业生获得就业和提升机会的重要因素中口头交际能力排名第一,书面交际和听力水平紧随其后。因此成功掌握英语演讲的技能是通向国际化背景下职业成功的金钥匙。2. Types of speech 英语演讲的种类2.1按演讲方式Manner of Delivery可以分为: 照稿宣读Speaking f
2、rom manuscript背诵演讲Speaking from memory即兴演讲Speaking impromptu有备即兴演讲Speaking extemporaneously (Final Test)2.2按演讲目的Purpose of Speech可以分为:说明性演讲 Informative speech说服性演讲 Persuasive speech其他演讲 Other speeches3. Strategies for improving English public speaking abilities 如何提高英语演讲能力如何提高英语演讲的水平呢?简单的回答是:没有捷径可走(T
3、here is no shortcut.),但可以从以下几个方面入手:1)Understand the rhetorical context认识英语演讲的要素演讲要素包括演讲内容、演讲结构、演讲语言及演讲表达性等几个方面。2)Read, listen, watch, think多读、多听、多看、多思3)Practice, practice, practice实践、实践、再实践4)Overcome fear of public speaking战胜恐惧、战胜自我4. Tips for Effective Speaking4.1 Pronunciation and Articulation 改善发
4、音吐字Tongue Twisters can be effective practice to improve pronunciation and articulation. (P23) Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.Sally sells seashells on the seashore. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed
5、blood.The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.4.2 Strong and Weak Forms强读式和弱读式在句中,实义词(名词、形容词、副词、实义动词、数词、疑问词和感叹词)一般用强读式,其重读音节必须长而响亮;而虚词(冠词、介词、连词、助动词、情态动词)和人称代词一般用弱读式,其元音字母的读音绝大部分是/和/。例如:am /m/ Where am I to /t/ go?but /bt/ Its fine today bu(t) rather cold.4.
6、3Loss of Plosion and Incomplete Plosion失爆和不完全爆破1)失爆:两个爆破音/p b t d k g/相邻时,第一个爆破音不发生爆破,只做出发音的姿势,稍停后随即发后面的爆破音,即让第二个爆破音爆破的读音现象。如sit down/stdn /第一个爆破音/t/只做口形不发音,而实际发出的则是后面的爆破音/d/的音,念成/s(t) dn/即可。再如:September /s(p)temb/。2)不完全爆破:爆破音和其他辅音相邻(1)爆破音与摩擦音相邻时的例子:old friend/l(d)frend/f v s z r h/(2)爆破音与破擦音/t d/相邻
7、时的例子:that child/(t)ald/(3)爆破音与鼻辅音/m n ()/相邻时的例子:grandmother/grn(d)mr/(4)爆破音与舌侧音/l /相邻时的例子:lately /le(t)l/补充练习: 注意:不完全爆破可以发生在单词、短语或句子中。Gla(d) to meet you.Goo(d) morning, sir.He has a ba(d) col(d) today. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. The thir(d) chair is broken.They are very frien(d)ly to
8、us.Have you rea(d) the book abou(t) tha(t) child?4.4Sound Linking连读 连读是快速语流的自然结果,使语流更流畅,表达更得体。连读主要发生在一个词组内。1)词末辅音和词首元音连读。(1)以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词:ImanEnglish boy.Itisanol(d) book.Le(t)me havea lookatit.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday.I calledyou halfanhou
9、rago.(2)以辅音结尾的单词+h开头的单词:h不发音,与前面的辅音连读What wil(l he) wilido?LHas(he) done it before?Mus(t he) ti go?Can he do it?Should he?Tell him to as(k) herLea(ve him) vim.(3)词末不发音的/r/和紧接其后的词首元音连读。如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。Theyre my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.
10、Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you.Hereare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?2) 音的同化音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式:(1)辅音d与j相邻时,被同化为d3:Would you.?(2)辅音t与j相邻时,被同化为t:Cant you.?(3)辅音s与j相邻时, 被同化为: I miss you ver
11、y much.3)不可连读的情况当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。4.5Rate & Pause 语速与停顿1)语速In speech, rate refers to the number of words delivered per minute. The average rate for most speakers is between 80 and 125 words a minute. An experienced speaker is capable of speaking at a varied rate as the oc
12、casion and material demand, when on grave or complex subjects, he will speak at a slower rate, when he speak of gay, exciting matters, he will speak at a faster speed.2)停顿短句可以有一个独立的意群。长句则要划分为两个或两个以上的意群。划分的主要原则为:(1)用作句中主语的一个短语或从句可以作为一个独立的意群。/Most of the students / are studying in the classroom./What
13、I have told you / is true./(2)句首短语或从句用作状语,可以作为一个独立的意群。/In that case, / Ill stay home./When he comes back, / ask him to call me, please./(3)非限制性定语从句可作为一个独立的意群。/ After a little time, / she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop / and handed it to an assistant, / who wrapped it up for her
14、as quickly as possible./This is Prof. Wang, / who has just returned from America./(4)非限制性同位语可作为一个独立的意群。/We have just seen Mr. Price, / the new manager./(5)限制性的同位语或定语从句一般不作为一个独立的意群。/Mr. Price the manager/ is the brother of Mr. Price the teacher./ Christina looked after the orphans whom she loved./一般来
15、说,每个意群后面都有一个停顿,用单线(/)分开,表示一个短的停顿;句末用双线(/),表示一个较长的停顿。停顿时间的比例大致如下:每个意群后面的停顿为一,逗号后面的停顿为二,句号后面的停顿为三,而段落之间的停顿最长。4.6 Intonation语调1)降调 Falling Tone降调的基本意义是肯定、完整、独立,即讲话人对所讲的内容肯定无疑,所表达的意义是完整的,语法结构是独立的。(1)选择问句第二部分用降调,如:Would you care for a cup of ()tea or ()coffee?(2)从句前面的主句用降调,如:I picked up the receiver and
16、was over()joyed when I recognized the voice of Grant.(3)非限制性定语从句/同位语的先行词用降调,如:This is Prof. ()Wang, who has just returned from America.We have just seen Mr. ()Price, the new manager.2)升调 Rising Tone 升调的基本意义是不肯定、不完整、不独立,即讲话人对所讲的内容不很肯定,所表达的意思往往不完整,语法结构通常不独立。因此,升调主要用于短语后面,也常用于句中不完整的部分后面。(1)选择问句第一部分用升调,如:(2)句首状语用升调,因其语法结构不独立,意思不完整,如:When he comes()back, ask him to call me, please.(3)列举时,被列举的事或人用升调,表示意思不完整,句末用降调,如:In the nineteenth ()century people in ()Britain associated RP with ()power, edu()cation and material suc()cess.See the exercises on Page 36.
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1