英语笔记.docx

1、英语笔记英语基础知识（单词、句子）一单词词性（10个：名动形副、连介化冠、数感）1.名词n：（car/hous/money/wife）做句子的主、宾、表、同位、定语Eg:The car is made in china.主语We like the car.宾语This is the car.表语分类：专有名词和普通名词1） 专有名词：大写首字母（人、物、地点、：Albee）2） 重点：普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词 water/air可数名词有单复数（n.-s/es）_主谓一致可数名词单数：a car a wife a/an/the +可数名词单数An hour :university-写作2

2、.动词V:（eat/drink/play/bet/smoke）作谓语-灵魂（时态）分类：实义动词（及物Vt和不及物Vi）和助动词（be、助动词本身、情态动词）1） 实义动词：一原四变（规则和不规则）Eat-eats-ats 原形-三人称单数-s/es-过去式ed-过去分词ed现在分词ing（规则变化）总结：过去分词（被动语态 bedone和完成时 havedone）不规则：have、do、be和不规则动词表一原四变Have-has-had-had-habing 有、使、吃Do-does-did-done-doing 做、干、搞Be-is/am-was/were-been-being 是2） 助

3、动词（be/助、情）Be:amisarewaswere 是助：dodoesdidhavehashad(陈述句中的谓语是实义动词)变一般疑问句借用dodoesdid:v-s-does;v-ed-did；vdo半倒装（完成时：havehashad+done）情态动词：7对+3Will/would 将要 can/could 可以 shall/should 应该 may/might 可能Need/needed 需要 dare/dared 敢 have to/had to 不得不 must 必须Ought to 应该 used to曾经3） 谓语分类 3种A：be+表语（n/adj）B情态动词+动原形C

4、实义动词vt/vi3形容词 adj（的）(beautiful/lovely/sexy/govegeous/handsome/sunshine/metro sexual都市美男)修饰 n/pron 做句子的定语4副词adv（ly地 cquickly/slowly）修饰v/pron 做句子的定语句子状语（9个：时间、地点、条件、让步、目的、原因、结果、让步、方式、比较）：adj/adv有3级：原级-比较级-最高级比较级：adj/adv.er more+adj/adv-原形 ：更最高级：adj/ad vest:most +adj/adv原形、最点：many/much-more-most 多的Litt

5、le-less-least 少的5连词conj：连接并列成分。分类：并列连词（and/but/or）A and B :yellow and uiolent 从属连词（wh-who-what）6介词ptep：Vi/n+prep+doing/n/prep重点介词：to/of/for/by/without/beyond 超越介词：in/out/at/on/underFor:为了/因为 for+时间-完成时By+时间（完成）/人/物（被动句）/号码/bus7代词prod：做句子的主、宾、表1） 代人主：I/you/he/she/we/they宾：me/you/him/her/us/them2） 代物单

6、数：it/this/that复数:they/these/those8冠词：a/an/the9数词：基数和序数Eg:The first the second the third 10感叹词：how/what二句子的成分和分类成分：8 主谓宾表（主宾） 定状补同（修饰）分类：3 简单句、并列句、复合句简单句：6 1、主谓 Vi(Prep+宾语) Jinxing changed/I sheep with Albee 2.主谓宾 Jinxing married hansi 3.主谓宾 宾补 Vt Jinxing teaches her children to help others 4.主谓双宾 gi

7、ve/tell/call/ask/bug/bring/show+sb+sth Eg;Han si gives Jinxing a happy marriage. 5.主系表 be jinxing is woman 6.There be句型+主语+介词短语 某地有某物Eg:There is a duck in the water.第一章时态;动作发生的时间和状态（谓语动词-实义动词）、谓语表达：16种（4时4态）做题关键：时间状语（1对多）时态主动现在过去将来过去将来一般Do/doesdidWill/shall+doWould do(虚拟现在、将来)进行（了解）Am/is/are+doingWa

8、s/were+doingWill be doingWould be doing完成Have/has+doneHad doneWill have doneWould have done虚拟过去完成进行Have/been +doingHad been dingWill have been doingWould have been doing一、 一般现在时 do/does（经常、习惯、事实）考点：1 2 3 重点 4了解1 时间状语Every day /week/month/year 每一Often=usually 经常/always 总是/sometimes 有时候/hardly 几乎不/nev

9、er 从来不 Eg;We eat break fast every day.2.重点：主将从现翻译（连词含义）+写作条件：时间、条件状语从句执行：主用will do ,从句 do/does 表将来动作从句二连词 wh+简单句状语从句写法主句+从句=连词+从句，+主句（有逗号从句在前主句在后，无逗号主从关系）1） 时间连词When=while=as 当、时候As soon as=the moment/minute/second/instant(that)一、就The first time=(that) 时候Since 自从 before 之前 after 之后 once 曾经 until 直到、

10、时候2） 条件连词If=on condition that 如果Unless 除非 as long as 只要 Provided/supposing that 假如 once 一旦考法：给出1 2 选3 will do 1 3 选 2 do/doesEg:When I miss you secretly,I will lose my mood.Eg:IF(1) we do(2) not meet again ,you will forget (3) me.做题方法：一找（连词+逗号） 二判 （主从句位置） 三选延伸考点：主句没有will do,但暗含将来发生，从句仍用 do/doesEg:Ta

11、ke the medicine the time you go out.3） the more ,the more 越、就越、（比较级）完整：The +adj/adver+(n) +主谓，同做题：2个 the 不可省略+more 和 er 不可同时出现Eg:The harder we study ,the luckier we will beEg:The more we smile ,the happier we will be主将从现Little 少的-less更少least 最少的事实 The sun rise in the East and goes down in the west二、

12、 一般过去时 did 考2个：1：时间状语Yesterday Last week/m/y/nightIn +过去年份2.重点 used to 翻译 P184 unit1Sb used to do曾经做（现在不做）Sbbe used to doing习惯Sthbe used to do被用But +n 除了 But +句子 但是三、 一般将来时时态 will do =be going to do =be to do =be about to do 考：1：时间状语Tomorrownext w/m/night In+将来年份Eg:I will marry you tomorrow.2.重点：瞬间动

13、词 come /leave=move/go/arrive/stort=begin/take off起飞 表示车的出发。用be doing/do(does)表将来动作Eg:The plane is taking/off (taks at 3:00) The next station is arriving at GaoMiaocun.四、 现在进行时am/is/are/ doing+now=at present 现在考：always=constantly=continual “总是”,表感情色彩Eg:He isalwsys farting in classroom五、 过去进行时was /wer

14、e doing Eg:she was sleeing at 3:00 P.m yester day考试:语境 P46 23六：将来进行时 will be doing B:What will you be doing at 3:00 P.m tomorrow?G:I will be doing sth at 七：完成时态 （必考4点）1、 现在完成时 have/has done 动作从过去开始到现在结束，对现在有影响Eg : They have studied English for six years.2、 过去完成时 had done :过去的过去句中一定要有一般过去时did 作为参照物Th

15、eyhad studied Englis for six years when they came into collage.Eg:I had eated all the food before my BF came in.3.将来完成时 shall will have done 动作从过去、现在开始到将来时间之前结束eg:They will have studiedEnglish for nine years When They gradate from the collage.2.必考;完成时间状语 1）.since +did +have /has doneFor +时间By now=so

16、 far 到目前为止Never 从来没有 了解：up to /till /until+now Lately=relently =in recent/these years 最近地Already 已经-肯定句Yet 还没有、尚未否定句Just (now) 刚刚 ever 自从already Eg :They have sold the houses for ten years.+had done2、bu/by the end of +last years (by ：到、时候) By then (过去那个时候)Eg :they had sold the 100 houses by last yea

17、r. P454.和完成时连用的固定句型1)It/this./That +is /was +序数词/est +n +(that)+have (has) done /had doneEg:It is the first time that I have gone to the bar.Eg:It ws the ugliest pig/sow that I had seen. 2)by the time +从句 do/does/did , 主句？will have done/had done (当、时候)Eg:By the time I go home,my husband will have co

18、oked the meal.Eg:By the time I Went home,my husband had cooked the meal. 3)三胎:hardly/scarcelywhen=no sooner then 一、就、考法：3个固定搭配：when/than 时态：主句用 had done,从句用did 半倒装:hardly/scarcely/No sooner 答案 had +Eg:The cat had hardly seen the mouse when the cat ran.Eg:We had no sooner gone out than it rained。4） 翻

19、译：Had +intend/expected/thought/meant/wanted/hoped/supposed 打算、期待、认为、意味、想要、希望、猜想P454.完成时和完成进行时区别同：2个时间状语一样不同：完成时动作结束。完成进行时动作没有结束（持续到将来）当2个同时出现在选项中且题干满足对应的时间状语，优先选择完成进行时-感器色彩 P45 11题语态.谓语主动语态：I make the paper plane.主语是动作的执行者被动语态Vt：The paper plane is made by me.主语是动作的承受着考点41. 被动语态谓语形式主动被动一般Do/doesBe do

20、ne进行Be doingBe being done完成Have doneHave been done2. 没有被动语态的Vi:Take place 出发=happen=occur=break out 发生前无beConsit of 组成 Belong to 属于sb be to blame 人受责备Last 持续Eg:The class consists of many many good gugs。3. 主动ving表被动意义Need /worth=deserve（值得）/want/require +doingEg:the coat needs washing.The book is wor

21、th reading.Need doing sth =need to be done.4. 被动be done 表主动意义Be faced with 面临Be convinced of =believe 相信Be located in 位于-写作Be lost in 迷失Be absorbed in=focus/concentrate on 专心总结时态语态1 找时间状语2 判（语态）Ved 被动，Ving 主动+时态句子保持一致3 选选择阅读技巧：20分 总-分总1. 主旨大意（litle=main idea=mainly=subject=topic of passage/article p

22、aragraph（文章）方法：找高频词-借助选项2. 事实细节题 1） 转折处：but/however/while +答案2） 原因处：be cause /for_?3） 目的to/for_?So that/in order that/so as to/to do为了+答案4） when/where/why/what/which/how long?5)which Ture/not true=except?排除法原文有的3.观点态度Author=writer/tom”Tom” opinion/attitude/intention/purpose?方法：排除all/always/no/never/

23、best/worst/octullay真的3. 推理性试题：难Imply/infer/suggest/conclude.?自含答案：文章处+排除原文有的选项4. 语义猜测：“XX” means?第二章：倒装强调句首（选择、翻译）重点：半倒装谓语结构The bus comes here.Here comes the bus.语序：陈诉：主语+谓语 倒装：全到：谓语全部Vi+主语（无be/情/助）半倒：谓语前-半+主语+谓语后一半（类似：一般疑问句）谓语分类：Be +表语：主语 情态动词+do实义动词Vt/Vido/does/didHave/has/had done.二Be/情态/助+主语+表/d

24、o/done一全到-了解条件：时间、地点的介词短语、方位副词放在句首强调。且主语非人称代词时间：now/then/just地点介词：in/on/under/front/behind/+n方位副词：ward back/for/up/down wardEg;An old man sits in the tree 全倒：In the tree sits an old man.Eg:The bus comes here.全：Here come the bus.二半倒装: be/情态/助动词+主+表/do/done 1 2方法：1找 2判 3选考1.否定副词句首1）never=on no occasio

25、n/account=under no Circumstances=in no sense/case/way=at no time=by no meains 绝不(2)hardly=scarcely=rarely=seldom 几乎不(3)little=few 几乎没有Eg:we/he never betrays each other do/des/did半：Never do we betray each other . does he . me必考：主倒从不倒（5个句子-写作）1. so/suchthat如此。以至于eg: You are so beautifula girl That I c

26、ant forget you.半：So beautiful a girl are you that. You are a girl are you that.=such a beautiful. 总结：so +adj/adv+a/an 单n Such a/an adj+单n Such adj+复nsEg:The doy runs so quickly that we cant catch up with it.半倒：So quickly does the dig run that.2. 三胎;固定搭配+时态+半倒装Had Hardly/scarcely/no sooner donewhen /

27、than did.就.Eg: I had hardly gotten the gifts when I lost something.半倒：Hardly had I gotten the gifts when I.总结：hardly /scarcely/no sooner +had +主语+done+when/than从句3. notuntil重点 直到时候，才. (be、情、助、+not)考点：陈述句+半倒+强调句型Eg:I did not know myself until I left you.陈述（not和until 分开）半倒装:Not until I left did I know

28、 my self强调句：It is /was not until I left you that I knew myself(主句不倒：主语+谓语)4. not only ,but also 不仅。而且。（半倒装+主谓就近）eg:Fan Bingbing is not only beautiful but also she is good at playing a role.半;not only is fan bingbing charming but also.5. Only +介词、短语、时间状语（词、从句）=主句半倒装、-了解-仅仅、只有Eg:Only in this way can w

29、n succeed考点三：As 让步状语从句”尽管、虽然=although=thoughEg:Although I am ugly ,I am tender.半：Ugly as I am ,I am tender.总:as 在第二个位置+主+谓Adj/adv/无a/an/the 的n/v +as+主+谓考点四：so 也一样-肯定句Nither=nor 也不一样 否定句考：肯定： so +be、情、助+ 主语主语|也一样Neither/nor +be/情、助+主语 主语|也不一样=2含义。So it is/was with sb 一样Eg:IB is (not) good girl,so /ni

30、ther is 2B1B can eat fish,so can 2B1B likes eating fish,so does 2B第三章：虚拟语气-谓语动词-过去时If he were a girl ,he would marry him.虚拟定义：说的话不是真的。不可能发生，表达内心的愿望、假设、推测、建议考点三考：考一：if“如果、假设 3个 考二：词+that(shuold) do/be done 3个 考三：固特 4个考一：if如果3）引导非真实条件状语从句（谓语，时态倒退）If 如果：1主将从现：if you bloom,the butterfly will come 2虚拟语气（非真实）:If I were a brid,I would fly in the sky.是否=whether1if -