专题07情态动词和虚拟语气讲学案原卷版docWord格式文档下载.docx

1、may/might as well +动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是的好”。（5）must意为“偏要，硬要”；can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性；shall 用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should表示估计或推测上的“应 该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老是，终归是”等。（6）在句型it is （high） time that中，从句谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟语气。4.考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。女wish, as if/though, if only, would rather,

2、otherwise, without 等。5.考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现彖。2016年高考将重点考查情态动词表推测和可能性、必要性、请求、允许、允诺，非真 实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。【重点知识梳理】第一部分、情态动词一x can/could 与 be able to1.can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的 “具体能力如：My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.They will be able to tell yo

3、u the news soon.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2.表示允许可用can或could,与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般耍用can而不用couldoCould I have the television on?一Yes, you can./No, you cant.二 may 与 might1.表示允许，意为可以,许可”,用法基本上同can与couldo如：May I use your bicycle?2.表示可能性，意为“也许，可能如：Accordin

4、g to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.3.may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。May good luck be yours!三.must 与 have to1.must用來表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已 而为之。如:He said that they must work hard。他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）My brother was ill, so 1 had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生

5、请來。（客观上需要做这件事）2.表示“不必”,须用dont have to或neednt。must的否定式表示“禁止,绝对不可”。You donrt have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事。You mustnt tell him about i匸你绝不能告诉他那件事。一Must we do it now?我们必须现在做吗？No, you neednt不，你们不必。四、 shall1.用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢？2.用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令

6、、警告、允诺、威胁、 强制等意思。He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你。He says he wont go, but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。五、 will 与 would1.will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.如果你想要让

7、你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。2.will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作。女山On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing. 星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。六、 should 与 ought to1.should表示“建议,域“劝告匕 有“应该”之意。You should learn from each other.2.ought to表示根

8、据某种义务或必要“应当做某事。Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.3.should和ought to也用來表示推测，意为“想必会 。Whe n can I come for the photos? 1 need them tomorrow after noon.They should be ready by 12 00.七、 情态动词表示推测1.can用于肯定句屮表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会用于疑问句屮可以表示推测， 意为“可能，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”, 语气很强烈。It is us

9、ually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？Lets visit Tom together, Stephen.Theres no need to do so. He cant be at home, because I saw him

10、board the flight to Beijing this morning. Stephen,咱们一起拜访汤姆吧。没必耍这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。2.may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定 句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？3.mus

11、t表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气（在疑 问句屮或否定句屮要用can/could）oIts the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。4.should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此“的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving sch

12、ool.因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。八、情态动词+have done99结构1.should/ought to+have done,表示“过去本应该做而（实际）没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为本应该 其否定形式为should not/ought not to have+done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.我本不应该看那部电影一一它会令我做噩梦。You ought to have come to the party yeste

13、rday, but why didnt you come?咋天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？2.must+have done,用于肯定句，表示过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推 测。注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用cant/couldnt+have done表示。Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.She must have gone through tough （raining.叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌。她肯定受到严格的训练。Do you know where David is? I coul

14、dnt find him anywhere.Well. He cant have gone farhis coats still here.你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。3.neednt+have done,表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。Mark neednt have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.马克本没必耍那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。4.may/might+have done,表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握

15、的可能性的推测，表示“可 能已做了某事”，否定句表示“可能还没有雹Sorry, Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。5.could+have done表示过去本来J以做某事，但实际上没有做”;can/could + have done 表示“过去可能做了某件事覽I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that m

16、oment.我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。第二部分、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法虚拟情况从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反过去式（be 用were）would/ should/ could/mightdoIf he were here, he might be able to help.What would you do if you were in hisplace?过去事实相反haddonewould/ should/ could/mig hthave doneIf I had started a little earlier, I would ha

17、ve caught the train.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.将來事were todo/shouldIf I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.I would certainly go if I had time1.在具体运用川，条件从句川有时可省略讦而采用倒装结构。Had it not been for your help, we wouldnt have achieved so much.2.介词without/but for连词but、副词

18、otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。I wouldnt have made such rapid progress without your help.3.有吋候从句动作和主句动作发生的吋间不-致，这吋谓语动词的形式要根据各自的 时间来调整。If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.二、Should+动词原形”表示的虚拟语气这一类型常见词有一坚持（insist）、二命令（order, command）三建议（advise, suggest, propose）四要求（re

19、quest, require, demand, desire）”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句 都使用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气。%1Janes pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she（should） have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。%1She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he（should） be sent to prison.她

20、坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气If only/Ifs （high） time （that）.wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。%1I wish I could fly.真希望我能飞。%1I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天來。%1If only I had taken your advice!要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！【高频考点突破】考点一、考查情态动词例 1. 2015 北京】29. Cant you stay a little longer?一Its get

21、ting late. I really go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare变式探究】（2014 北京卷）27. I have a word with you? It worf t take long.A. Can B. MustC. Shall D. Should考点二、考查情态动词的用法例 2. 2015 天津】7. I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to

22、me.A. mightn，t B. mustrft C. needrf t D. couldn51【变式探究】（2014 安徽卷）30. People are recycling many things which they awayin the past.A. had thrown B. will be throwingC were throwing D. would have thrown考点三、考查虚拟语气例 3. 2015 重庆】7.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novelA Farewell to Arms

23、.A.didnt write B. hadnt writtenC. wouldnt write D wouldnt have written（2014 北京卷）34. We back in the hotel now 讦you didnt losethe mapA. are B. wereC. will be D. would be【经典考题精析】1.（2015-北京，29）一 ans getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone2.（2015浙江，4）It was so noisy that we not hear oursel

24、ves speak.3.（2015-重庆，12）You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.4.（2015-陕西，21）You feel all the training a waste of time, but Fm a hundredpercent sure later you11 be grateful you did it.5.（2015-四川，2）You be careful with the camera.lt costs!6.（2015-福建，27）Sorry, Mum! I failed the job

25、 interview again.一Oh, its too bad. You have made full preparations.7.（2015天津，7）1 have worried before I came to the new school, for myclassmates here are very friendly to me.8.（2015-北京，34）If I （see）it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.9.（2015重庆，7）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway

26、（write）hisfamous novel A Farewell to Anns10.（2015-陕西，23）Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I （dance）as well as her.11.（2015-天津，13）1 wish I （be）at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on abusiness trip in New York then.12.（2015-安徽，32）It is lucky we booked a room, or we （have）nowhere to staynow1

27、. （2014 浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out theinvestigation, or they to our helpA. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come2（2014 重庆卷 ）3. Fve ordered some pizza , so we worry about cooking whenwe get home tired.A.can B. dare not C. needrft D. may mot3

28、.（2014 重庆卷）13It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it?A. had done B. have done C diclD. am doing4.（ 2014 大纲卷）30. Although you find bargains in London,让s not generally a cheapplace to shopA. should B need C. must D. can5.（2014 福建卷）32. no modem telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeksto get news from around the worldA. Were there B. Had there b