上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习一解析版文档格式.docx

1、6. Faced 7. with 8. to sell 9. spending 10. however【解析】本文就是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能解释宠物的力量，但很多研究都表明有了宠物的陪伴（company of pets），可以帮我们降低血压和恢复心脏功能，并且减少我们的孤独感。宠物不仅能调节你的精神而且还能改善你的饮食习惯。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：今天，自由女神像是一个受人喜爱的地标。它耸立在纽约港的上空，被国家公园管理局亲切地照顾着。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，主语是it，单数第三人称形式，此处tower（高耸）是动词，故答案为towers。【2题详解】考查过去分词。每年访问自由

2、岛的成千上万的游客可能永远不会怀疑，建造这座雕像是一场漫长而缓慢的斗争。此处get+宾语+过去分词，the statue 和build之间是被动关系，是过去分词做宾语补足语，故答案为built。【3题详解】根据More than acentury ago,可知句子用一般过去时态，主语是it，故答案为was。【4题详解】考查as引导的定语从句。然而，金钱是一个如此巨大的问题，就像从一开始就困扰着两国政府一样。先行词是a problem，指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语，此处as是关心代词，且前面有so，故答案为as。【5题详解】考查并列连词。各种各样的捐赠都很有帮助，但雕像的成本一直在持续。前后是

3、一种转折关系，故答案为but。【6题详解】考查过去分词做状语，句意：面对资金短缺，法裔美国人工会举行了抽奖。固定搭配：be faced with面临着-，此处是过去分词做时间状语，故答案为Faced。【7题详解】考查介词。雕塑家Bartholdi最终出售了雕像的迷你版，上面刻着买家的名字。with the name of以的名义，故答案为with。【8题详解】考查动词不定式做状语。尽管Bartholdi的努力，雕像的想法很难卖出去。此处句子的主语做后面动词不定式的宾语，主动表示被动，故答案为to sell。【9题详解】考查固定搭配。一些报纸，尤其是纽约时报，经常批评这座雕像是愚蠢的，并强烈反对

4、在它上面花任何钱。oppose doing sth.反对做某事，故答案为spending。【10题详解】考查however引导的让步状语从句。他登上了一个充满活力的基金，承诺要打印每个捐赠者的名字，无论捐款多么少，普利策的大胆计划奏效了，全国各地的数百万人开始捐赠他们能做的任何事情。此处however（无论怎样），引导让步状语从句，故答案为however。Section BComplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is

5、 one word more than you need.Lets sayyouve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have timeto carefully plan menus for meals or read food _11_ at the supermarket. Sinceyou really_12_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come inhandy, wouldnt it? This is where a

6、 choice architect canhelp_13_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects arepeople who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. Forexample, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarketincluding which shelf the peanut buttergoes on, and how the orange

7、s are piled upis a choice architect.Governmentsdont have to_14_healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architectone that encourages us to choose what isbestwe will do the right things. In otherwords, there will be designs that g

8、ently push customers toward making healthierchoices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom tochoose with_15_hints from choice architects, who aim to help people livelonger, healthier, and happier lives.The Britishand Swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic li

9、ghtsystem to _16_foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customerscan see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains_17_bylooking at the lights on the package. A green light _18_that the amounts ofthe three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer shouldb

10、e_19_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the threenutrients and should be eaten in _20_. The customer is given important healthinformation, but is still free to decide what to choose.【答案】11. G 12. C 13. I 14. F 15. E 16. B 17. K 18. J 19. A 20. H本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没

11、有时间计划，这里介绍了两种方法，一种是choicearchitect，还有一种是交通灯系统。【11题详解】本题考查名词搭配由于在超市里，所以是阅读食物标签（labels）故选G【12题详解】本题考查动词短语搭配。根据所给词汇以及yourself to a healthier lifestyle，只有commit yourself to（承诺）符合句意。故选C。【13题详解】本题考查动词用法。根据后面内容some of the burden of doing it all yourself以及前面动词help可知此空应填relieve（减轻），构成能够有助于减轻独自做这事的一些负担故选I。【14

12、题详解】根据句子逻辑，此句意思为政府不必通过法律来强加（impose）更健康的生活方式，如戒烟故选F。【15题详解】本题考查形容词用法。根据设空，本空填形容词，而alert（警觉的）不符合句意，只有gentle（文雅的）符合句意。故选E。【16题详解】本题考查动词短语用法。本句句意为英国和瑞典政府引进了所谓的交通灯系统来吧食物分类为健康的或不健康的，短语classifyas表示把分类为，故选B。【17题详解】本题考查副词用法。根据customers cansee at a glance how much fat，sugar，and salt each product contains_7_by

13、looking at the lights on the package（顾客们只要看包装上的指示灯一眼就能看出每一个产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐）可知，此空填simply。故选K。【18题详解】由于空后所接的是宾语从句，所以该空填及物动词，结合后面indicates的意思可知，该空填signals（表示）。故选J。【19题详解】根据前面绿灯表示三种营养的量是健康的可知黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题，因此消费者应当留心（alert）。故选A。【20题详解】本题考查名词词义。根据句子red means that the food is high in at least one of the thre

14、e nutrients（红灯意味着至少三个营养中的一个是高的）可知，这样的食物应当有节制地（in moderation）吃。故选H。ReadingComprehension Foreach blank in the following passage are four words or phrases marked A. B. Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research hasshown that two-thirds of human conversation i

15、s taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about filmsweve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple_21_.Language isour greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _22_ do with it? Wegossip. About others behaviou

16、r and private lives, such as whos doing whatwith whom, whos in and whos outand why; how to deal with difficult_23_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are wekeen on gossiping? Are we just natural _24_, of both time and words? Or do wetalk a lot about nothing in particular si

17、mply to avoid facing up to the reallyimportant issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution ofLanguage, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_25_issues.Dunbar _26_the traditional view that language

18、was developed by the men at the early stageof social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about theirorigins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved amongwomen. We dont spend two-thi

19、rds of our time gossiping just because we cantalk, argues Dunbar_27_, he goes on to say, languageevolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbararrived at his cheery theory by studying the _28_ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of groomingcleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form gro

20、ups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or_29_ from outside it.As we humanbeings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _30_that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together madese

21、nse because the bigger the group, the greater the _31_ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Grooming helped to _32_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming act

22、ivitiesalso had to be _33_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _34_kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocalgrooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groupsby exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one _35_ contact.21. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. l