1、从属连词 wherever“在(或到)的各个地方”:You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家每到一处, 都受到热烈的欢迎。Sit down wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。状语从句 - 原因状语从句(1) because 引导的原因状语从句because 表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于
2、回答 why 引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it. 我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。(2) as 引导的原因状语从句as 引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和 since换用。As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman. 我不认识路,因而问警察
3、。As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪,我们不去爬山了。(3) since 引导的原因状语从句since 引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和 asSince traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。Since you wont help me ,Ill ask someone else. 你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮忙。(4) now(that)引导的原因状
4、语从句now(that)“因为;既然”,通常可以和 since 换用。其中 that 可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。Now(that) you?蒺 ve passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考试合格,就可以独自开车了。I do remember,now (that) you mention it. 你这一提,我倒的确想起来了。(5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句Seeing (that)“鉴于;由于”,通常用于非正式文体。Seeing (that) the weather is bad,well stay a
5、t home. 天气不好,我们还是呆在家里吧。Seeing that he s ill,hes unlikely to come. (6) in that 引导的原因状语从句in that“因为;基于的理由”,可以和 because 换用,多用于正式文体,它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. 广告不同于其他交际形式,因为登广告的人要为其所提供的
6、信息付费。Im in a slightly awkward position, in that hes not arriving until 10th. 我的处境有点难堪,因为他要十号才来。状语从句 - 目的状语从句(1) in order that 引导的目的状语从句in order that“为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与 so that 换用。You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来,以便游览西湖。The expert spoke slowly in order
7、 that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢,以便人人听得懂。(2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句so that“为了;so that 通常可以与 in order that 换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略 that。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚,他们才听得懂。She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她要七点钟备好茶点,这样她八点以前就可以出门了。(3) i
8、n case/for fear (that)/lest 等引导的目的状语从句in case,for fear(that)和 lest 这三个从属连词都表示否定目的,意思是“以免”,“以防”。in case 多用于英国英语,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式,也可以是虚拟语气形式;for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有 may,might,should 等情态动词;lest 用于正式文体,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。Take your umbrella with you,lest it should rain. 带上你的伞,以防下雨。Take your umb
9、rella in case it rains. He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞,以防下雨。状语从句 - 结果状语从句(1) so that 引导的结果状语从句 so that 引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。Suddenly it began to rain heavily,so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨,几乎无法继续开车。Linda phoned me in on arrival so
10、 that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话,因而我知道她平安无事。“so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句,除了根据句意来判断外,还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从句,如果从句中有情态动词,通常则为目的状语从句。They started out early, so that they didnt miss the train. 他们早早就出发了,所以没误火车。(结果状语从句) They started out early so that they woul
11、d not miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句) (2) so.that 引导的结果状语从句so.that“如此以致”,that 在非正式文体中可以省略,so 后面接形容词或副词。She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter. 现在剩下的时间不多了,我只好以后再给你讲这件事。(3) such.that
12、 引导的结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的 such.that 的具体内容是:such+a/an+形容词+名词+that 从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数,也可以是不可数名词。such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that 从句可换成 so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that 从句。The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快,不久就开始用中文写文章了。The professor told us such a funny
13、story that all the students laughed(The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.) 教授讲了个很有趣的故事,(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。(4) such that 引导的结果状语从句such that 引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体,主句为“主系表”句型。The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大,所有的窗户都被炸掉了。His anger was s
14、uch that he lost control of himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。状语从句 - 让步状语从句(1) although/though 引导的让步状语从句although 和 though,都作“虽然;尽管”解,通常可以换用,although 的语气较重。如果要强调“但是”语气,可使用 yet,still 或 nevertheless 来表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. 虽然和她谈了半天,他还是不能让
15、她信任自己。(2) even if 引导的让步状语从句even if “即使,纵然”,从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。Even if it rains tomorrow,we wont change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败,我也决不会放弃实验。(3) even though 引导的让步状语从句even though“虽然,尽管”,从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和although/though 换用。Eve
16、n though I didnt understand a word,I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂,我还是保持微笑。Even though you say so,I do not believe it. 即使你这样说,我也不信。(4) much as 引导的让步状语从句much as“虽然,尽管”,通常可以和 although/though 换用:Much as Id like to,I cant come. 我虽然很想来,但是来不了。Much as I admire his courage,I dont think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气,
17、但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。(5) while 引导的让步状语从句while“虽然,尽管”,多用于正式文体,通常可换作 although/though。While I understand your point of view,I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点,但不敢苟同。While I sympathize,I really cant do very much to help. 虽然我很同情,但我确实帮不了什么忙。(6) whatever/No matter what 引导的让步状语从句whatever 和 no matter what 用法相同,都作“无论什么”解,后
18、者多用于非正式文体。Whatever/No matter what he says,dont go. 不管他说什么,你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task,whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么了,我们决心完成任务。(7) whichever/no matter which 引导的让步状语从句whichever 和 no matter which 用法相同,都作“无论哪个”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month
19、 guarantee. 不论你买哪个,都有六个月的保修期。Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse Barbara was determined to find them. 不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包,芭芭拉决心找到他们。(8) whoever/no matter who 引导的让步状语从句whoever 和 no matter who 用法相同,都作“无论谁”解,后者多用于非正式文体。You cant come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁,都不能进来。Whoever/No matte
20、r who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him Im busy. 不管谁要我接电话, 就说我现在正忙着呢。(9) wherever no matter where 引导的让步状语从句wherever 和 no matter where 用法相同,都作“无论在(或到)哪里”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Wherever/No matter where you go, Im right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。(10) however/no matter how 引导的让步状语从句however
21、 和 no matter how 用法相同,都作“无论如何”解,后者多用于非正式文体。However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事,现在也无济于事了。However high it may be,it cant reach the sky. 它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。(11) whenever/no matter when 引导的让步状语从句whenever 和 no matter when 用法相同,都作“无论何时”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Wh
22、enever Im unhappy,he cheers me up. 每当我不高兴时,他就给我鼓劲儿。(12)(no matter) whether.or 引导的让步状语从句whether.or 和 no matter whether.or 用法相同,都作“不论还是”解,后者的语气强一些。When It Rains or not, were playing football on Sunday. 无论下不下雨,我们星期天一定踢足球。(13) as 引导的让步状语从句as 在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然;尽管”和“即使”解,但是它不位于句首,在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。Strong as
23、 you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气,你却无法把它提起来。Late as it was, they continued to study. 时间尽管不早了,他们仍继续学习。状语从句 - 方式状语从句(1) as 引导的方式状语从句as 在引导方式状语从句时意为“以方式;如同那样”,从句有时是省略句。Do as I say. 要照我说的做。I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。(2) as if/as though 引导的
24、方式状语从句as if 和 as though 的用法相同,都作“好像,仿佛”解。二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。as if 比 as though 更为常用。但也可用陈述语气,表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。They looked at me as if as though I were mad. 他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。They look as if/as though they know each other. 他们看来好像互相认识。状语从句 - 比较状语从句(1) as.as 引导的比较状语从句as.as 表示同级比较,主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式,从句
25、常常为省略句。We were as fortunate as them (they were) 我们和他们一样幸运。I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done). 我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。(2) not so/as.as 引导的比较状语从句not so/as.as 表示同级比较,主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式,从句常常为省略句。Thats not so/as simple as it sounds. 那件事情不像听起来那么简单。(3) than 引导的比较状语从句than 引导的比较状语从句表示同等比较,主句中用形容词或
26、副词的比较级形式,从句常常为省略句。He has lived here longer than I(has lived). 他在这儿住的时间比我长。They love the girl than(they love) him. 他们爱这个女孩而不爱他。(4) the., the.引导的比较状语从句The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 英语听得越多就越容易。例题精讲【试题来源】【题目】The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top.【选项】A
27、so; as Bso; that Cas; as Dtoo; to【答案】B【解析】考查 sothat 结构,如此。以至于。这座山如此陡,以至于我们城市里没有几个人能到达山顶。所以选 B。拓展:reach,到达= get to =arrive in(大地方),arrive at(小地方)。同类考题:The car is _ expensive _ he cant buy it.A. too; to Bso; that Csuch; that Denough; that答案:B。“he cant buy it”是一个句子,即从句,能引导从句的是 B 和 C,但 such 后加名词,故排除 C。【
28、知识点】其他状语从句(初)【适用场合】当堂例题【难度系数】3【题目】Though he got up early, _ he missed the train.【选项】Abut Bor Cand D 【答案】D【解析】考查 though 的用法。句意“尽管他起得很早,但他还是错过了火车。故选 D。”though“虽然.,但是.”,不能和 but 连用。_is snowing, _they are still working hard in the factory.A. Although; but B. Although;/ C. But; / D. But; althoughB【题目】He is a dishonest man. _ he said to us, we didnt believe him.【选项】AWherever BWhenever CHowever DWhatever【解析】四个选项分别表示无论哪儿、无论什么时候、无论如何和
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