word完整版初中英语语法八大时态总结Word文件下载.docx

1、The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。但只限于 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. ）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将5 来要发生的动作。 Ill tell him the ne

2、ws when he comes back. 例如： If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二一般过去时态 1. 结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didnt +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: （肯）Yes,主语+did （否）No,主语+did not 基本结构 否定句 一般疑问句 页9 共 页1 第 was/were+not was/wereBe提前，放于句首动词 Did+主语+do（动词原形）didnt+do（动词原形

3、） 行为动词 2.用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, 1）last yesterday, day before ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the just now, the other day, in 1982, 等连用week（year, night, month）, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time Where did you go just now?After a few years, she started to play the

4、piano. ）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。2 例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year 此时此刻”的意思。语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“ 例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？ 三一般将来时 结构1. 1：结构 +其他肯定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形

5、 +not+其他否定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形 其他+一般疑问句式：助动词Will+主语动词原形+ 。ll，wii not常简缩为wont简单回答：在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为 。和we）时，常用助动词shall在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I Shell go to play basketball. 例如： Shall we go to the zoo? ：结构2 其他肯定句式：主语+be going to +动词原形+ 其他否定句式：主语+be not going to +动词原形+ 其他+going to+动词原形+一般疑问句式：Be+主语 No,主语+be not

6、（否）+be 简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语 2.用法year）, day（week, month, 1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow等连用。Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think）、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于2 等连用。等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe

7、I think shell go back home for supper. 例如： Maybe shell go to the gym. 将来时其他表示法 be going to表示将来1） 页9 共 页2 第 表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month。 和will之间的区别。注意：be going to 不指明任何具体时be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will? 在时间上： 间

8、，可以指遥远的未来。 He is going to be better. He will be better. 则指未经过预先思be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思；will? 计划/临时：两者都表示意图时， 考或计划，是临时的一种决定。Sunday?to do next What are you going to go fishing. Im going telephone book? Where is the you. and get it for go Ill 则意指说意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will两者都用于预测时，be going to? 相信某件事将要

9、发生，属主观的推测。话人认为/ 表意愿。在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will?If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 例如： Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。 2）“例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 3）be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与

10、tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用，多于when引导的时间状语连用。He is about to leave for Beijing. 四现在进行时 1. 结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词 2. 用法：1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时间状语连用。注：如果句首有警示性动词look、listen等，主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。We are waiting for you now. Listen! The bird

11、is singing in the tree. 2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3）.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind. 页9 共 页3 第 get, gr

12、ow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。4）.表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。 5）、表示移位的动词，如 Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。 注：不能用进行时态的动词 举例类别See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel 感官类 Love,agre

13、e,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer 感觉类Believe,think,understand,forget,remember 认知类 Appear,exist,lie,remain 存在类 Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of 占有、从属类 Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish 短暂动作类 五现在完成时 肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed 否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not（havent,hasnt）+动词过去分词-ed 一

14、般疑问句：Have（Has）+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+have（has）+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？2.用法 含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。1）现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。 I havent seen much of him recently

15、 （lately）. We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?现在完成时中的时间状语：already通常用于肯定句中，意为已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？yet用于疑问句中表示已经；用于否定句中，表示还（没）。Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ No, not yet. 是,

16、还没有。ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。 页9 共 页4 第t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 , 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。just意为刚刚,

17、用于现在完成时 e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。 , 位于句首或句尾均可。表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, just now意为刚才 e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。后接过去时的与时间点连用。since for 与一段时间连用，since for 和since的用法及区别。 时间状语或过去时的句子。 e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. t seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Pi

18、ng Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. 和have/has been in的区别。 have/has gone to、have/has been to ,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来 have/ has gone to 去了 , 人已经回来了 have/ has been to 曾经去过 , 常与一段时间连用 have/ has been in 已经在 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years.

19、 她在上海10年了。Have you gone to Qingdao? Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 等表示一段时since for或2）、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有 间的状语。 Mr Wang has lived here since 1983. 如： 3）、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。: ） 的对应关系如下常见终止性动词与延续性动词 （或状态动词 come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at die - be dead open -

20、 be open become -be close - be closed put on - wear borrow - keep leave - be away （from） buy - have fall asleep - be asleep begin / start - be on catch a cold - have a cold end/finish - be over be a soldier join the army - be in the army, join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆买这支已有

21、两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen. 4）.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; duri

22、ng the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 5）.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best （worst, most interesting ） +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。 例：This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 页9 共 页5 第That is the on

23、ly book that he has written. ，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 ）have / has been to + 地点意为“曾去过某地”6但是否到达了某地尚不确”之意，“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地have / has gone to + 地点 定。 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。 六过去完成时 1. 结构： 助动词had动词过去分词 2. 用法：）、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常1 ”构成的

24、短语连用。“与by the end of/by/before+过去时间 The train had already left before we arrived. 例如： He said that he had learned some English before. By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs. 等引导的从句作为）表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用when,before,after2 动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。When I got to

25、 the railway station, the train had already left. 当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了 His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here. 年。 爸爸来这之前，在一家电视机厂工作了5hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, 这种用法中常用的动词为）表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。3 。intend, mean, suppose等 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。We had hoped that you would co

26、me, but you didnt. I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。 七过去进行时1. 结构：was/were+动词的现在分词（-ing） 2.用法：1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 My family were watching TV

27、 at that time yesterday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone. What were you doing at 9:00 oclock yesterday morning. 注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时， 另一个动作正在进行。 页9 共 页6 第 When he called me , I was having dinner . while常（2）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行， 译为“当的时候，同时”。 Tom wa

28、s doing his homework while his sister was watching TV . 等词的过去进行时，可以表示过）、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return2 去将要发生的动作。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 八过去将来时态时间绝不会延伸到现在；而仅限于过去时间将来表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个这个状语或是一由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点的状语。区域内。 个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于： 1.结