1、(修饰形容词old)She runs fastest of them.她是她们中跑得最快的。(修饰副词fastest)To my astonishment, he was so stubborn.令我感到吃惊的是,他竟如此固执己见。(修饰整个句子)提示:副词作状语与介词短语作状语,其位置相同。例如:Sit here. 坐这儿。Sit in this seat. 坐这个位子。(4)作宾语补足语Do you think of him as a reliable guy?你认为他是一个靠得住的人吗?He made her out of danger.他使她脱离了危险。She left the key
2、 at home.她把钥匙落在家里了。(5)作独立成分Now, Zhang Yimou becomes, in short, one of the finest directors on China movie stage.简而言之,现在张艺谋成为中国电影界最优秀的导演之一。By the way, will you please tell me if you want to take part in the performance next week?顺便问一下,你能不能告诉我下周的演出你参加吗?二、用于表示时间的介词1 at, in, on用于表示年、月、日或某一时刻(1)at用于表示时间的
3、某一点。Classes begin at eight. 八点开始上课。They usually have supper at six.他们通常六点钟吃晚饭。at seven 在七点at midnight 在子夜at noon 在中午at present 目前 (2)on用于表示某日,某日上、下午。Something terrible happened on September 11, 2001.2001年9月11日发生了恐怖事件。They still have classes on Saturday.他们在星期六仍然上课。on Sunday 在星期日on Saturday morning 在周
4、六早晨on September 10 在九月十日on September 11, 2001 在2001年9月11日on a Sunny morning 在一个晴朗的早晨on night of December 25 在12月25日的夜晚年、月、日表示法无日添上in,(天上阴),有就用on.序为月、日、年,或全倒过讲。(日、月、年)(3)in用于表季节、年、月、星期,还可泛指早晨、下午和晚上。in summer 在夏季in 1992 在一九九二年in May 在五月in May, 1992 在一九九二年五月in the morning 在上午in the evening 在晚上We always
5、 go swimming in Summer.在夏天,我们总去游泳。Dont get up too late in the morning.早晨不要起得太晚了。泛指上、下午和晚上时,用in;特指某一日的上、下午或 晚上,用 on。on Sunday evening 在周日晚上在this, last, next, every等词之前不可以再加任何介词。this evening 今晚,that morning 那天早晨last Monday 上周一,next year 明年every week 每星期,every spring 每年春天2 before, after用于表示时间的前后before:
6、表示“在之前” (可作介词,也可作连词)Susan went to school before seven this morning.苏姗今天早晨不到七点就上学去了。(作介词)You should ask the children to wash their hands before dinner.你应该要求孩子们饭前要洗手。We must move these boxes into the house before it rains.我们必须在下雨之前,把这些箱子搬到房子里面去。(before作连词)after:表示“在之后”Come to my office after class.下课以
7、后,到我办公室来一趟。Mr. White often goes out for a walk after supper.怀特先生经常晚饭后出去散步。Lets go home together after the meeting is over.开完会以后咱们一块儿回家。(after作连词)3 by, until(till)用于表示期限by:表示“在前(指时间)”;“到”How many lessons had you learned by the end of last week?到上周末,你们学了多少课了?I had not got anything to eat by then.在那以前,
8、我没有吃任何东西。until(till):表示“直到才”I didnt fall asleep until two oclock last night.我昨夜里直到两点钟才睡着觉。His father didnt join the Party until 1990.他的父亲一直到1990年才入党。You may wait here for me until I come back.你要在这里等着我,直到我回来。(until这里是连词)until与瞬间动词(点动词)连用时,必须用否定句表示;而与延续动词连用,用肯定式。My father didnt buy me a bike until las
9、t week.(buy为点动词,所以用否定式)我父亲直到上个星期才给我买了辆自行车。You can keep this book till next month.这本书你可以借到下个月。(keep为延续动词,用肯定式)until与till可通用,并可以作连词使用,而by不能作连词。4 for, during, through用于表示期间(多长时间)for:表示“经过多久”,多与完成时连用,也可用于一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时。She has stayed here for half an hour.她已经在这里呆了半小时了。I will be with you at the airport
10、for a little while.我和你在机场只能呆一小会儿。during:在期间What are you going to do during the holidays?放假期间你打算做什么?He lost his right leg during the war.战争期间他失去了右腿。for的后面常接表示天数、时间等等数字名词;而 during 之后不能接表示数字的名词。through:一直(指时间从始至终)People there always play Majzang through the night.那里的人老是通宵打麻将牌。They live and work there t
11、hrough the whole year.他们整年工作和居住在那里。5 from, sincefrom:从时候起from常与to构成词组from.to.,表示“从开始到结束”;而要表示确切的时间(点钟)用介词at。She was waiting for you here from eight to ten yesterday.昨天她在这里等你从八点到十点。The conference will be held from September 12 to September 15 in New York.这次会议将于九月十二日至九月十五日在纽约举行。since:自以来(表示从以前某一时间一直到现
12、在,并仍然在继续)Mr. Li has kept this painting since 1950.自一九五年以来,李先生一直保存着这张画。I have been here since nine this morning.我从今天早晨九点钟一直在这里。比较:since与from的区别since用于表示时间,只与完成时态的句子连用;from也用于一般现在时,一般过去时和一般将来时。since也可以作连词使用,但from不可以,它只能作介词使用。Susan has already made a lot of friends since she came to China last year.(si
13、nce作连词)苏姗自从去年来到中国以来,已经交了好多朋友。6 in, withinin:多用于将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时),表示“过之后”。如in ten minutes(十分钟之后),in two weeks(两周以后)等。Mr. Pierce will arrive in Beijing in two days.皮尔斯先生将于两天之后到达北京。She said she would return home in a week.她说她将于一周后回国。within:在某一时间段之内;不超过范围。如:within half an hour(在半小时之内)。within the vocation
14、(在假期内)He must reach the railway station within ten minutes.他必须在十分钟之内赶到火车站。He is capable of finishing the test papers within an hour.他有能力在一小时之间做完试卷。区别in和with用法的区别in强调从现在起某一段时间之后,所以只用于将来时;而within是强调在某一段时间之内,它没有时态的限制,过去、现在、将来等都可以使用。Ill have to finish my lunch within five minutes.我将不得不在五分钟之内吃完午餐。I had t
15、o finish my lunch within five minutes yesterday.我昨天不得不仅用五分钟吃完了午餐。ll finish my lunch in five minutes.我将在五分钟后吃完午餐。三、用于表示地点和方向的介词表示地点的介词有:at, on, in, by, under, near, between, beside, next to, in front of等。表示方向的介词有:into, out of, along, to, for, across, through等。1 at, inat:用于表示比较狭小的地点,不强调空间范围。意为在某地点。at
16、home(在家),at the bus stop(在汽车站)。ll wait for you at Xisi No.22 bus-stop tomorrow.我明天在西四二十二路公共汽车站等你。We are to assemble at the school gate tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨在学校大门口集合。用于表示比较宽敞的地点,强调空间和地域。意思是在某地。in the U.S.A(在 美国),in the world(在世界上),in the street(在街上)等。Were you born in Shanghai?你是在上海出生的吗?They are al
17、l in the dining hall.他们都在饭厅呢。arrive in后接比较大的地方,如大城市、国家等;arrive at 后接比较小的地方,如村庄、学校、工厂、机场等。2 in, to表示在某一区域以内。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。My house is in the north of the city Beijing.我家在北京城的北部。Children are playing in the park.孩子们正在公园里玩。to:表示在某一区域以外,相对于某一事物的位置。Japan lies to the east of C
18、hina.日本位于中国的东部。Tianjin lies to the east of Beijing.天津在北京的东边。The town lies to the north west of the village.城镇位于村庄的西北。3 on, under, over, above, belowon:该介词可以指“在的上面”(有接触面),也可以指“在靠近的地方”。There are many pictures on the wall.墙上有许多画。My seat is on the left of mother.我的座位在妈妈的左边。above:意思是“在上方”,但不一定是正上方。She is
19、 now living in a flat above the post office.她现在住在邮局上面的一个单元房里。The plane was flying above Himalayas.飞机那时正飞越喜马拉雅山。over:表示“在的正上方”,即垂直的上方。A crow just flew over his house.一只乌鸦刚好从他家房上飞过。The boys jumped over a stream one after another.孩子们一个个地从小溪上方一跃而过。below:表示“在的下方”,但不一定是正下方。below 是 above 的反义词。Below the win
20、dows of her flat is a freemarket.在她的房子的窗户的下面是一个自由市场。The temperature tonight will fall below zero.今夜气温将下降到零度以下。under:表示“在的正下方”,即垂直的下方。under 的反义词是 over。Under the chair there is a cat sleeping.椅子下面有一只猫在睡觉。The little boy was glad to see a ship was just passing under the bridge .那个小男孩高兴地看到一条船刚好正从桥底下通过。ov
21、er与under是指垂直的上方和下方,而above与below是指不一定垂直的上方和下方。over还有其他一些含义:遍及:all over the country(world) 全国(世界)超过:相当于more than。He is over 40.他四十多岁了。We have over ten subjects.我们有十多门科目的课程。在那边;越过over there 在那儿over the stream 越过小溪over the box horse 越过跳箱4 in front of, behindin front of:在的前面,其反义词是behind。There is a river
22、in front of the house.房子的前面有一条河。He woke up and saw a beautiful girl standing in front of him.他醒过来看见眼前站着一个漂亮的姑娘。in the front of与in front of 和before 的区别in the front of与in front of具有不同的含义。前者表示 在某一范围之内的前部,后者表示某一范围之外的前面。The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.老师正站在教室的前部。(在教室之内)The teacher i
23、s standing in front of the classroom.老师正站在教室的前面。(在教室之外)in front of和before都含有“在之前”的意思,但当表示地点时,用in front of而不用before。in front of the gate(在大门外),而不说before the gate。behind:在的后面,其反义词是in front of。There is a big garden behind the house.房子的后面有一个很大的果园。If you dont work harder, you may be behind the other stud
24、ents.如果你不再努力一些,你就会落在其他同学的后面。5 at, by, beside, next to, nearat, by, beside都表示“在旁边”。They are sitting at the table and having a meal happily.他们坐在桌子边,愉快地吃着饭。The man sat by the river, looking at the boats passing on the river.那个男人坐在河边,看着河上过往的船只。She came over and sat beside me.她过来坐在了我的旁边。near 表示“在附近”。距离要比
25、 by 和 next to 远。near=not far,与 far 是反义词。The hospital near here is famous for its surgical department.这附近的那所医院以它的外科而著名。Is there a hospital near our school?我们学校附近有医院吗?next to:意思是“紧靠旁边”,“邻近”。The house next to yours is empty.你们隔壁的那房子没有住人。The boy next to her comes from America.她旁边的男孩来自美国。6 between, among
26、, aroundbetween:在两者之间。The girl in the photo is sitting between her father and mother.照片上的姑娘坐在她的父亲和母亲之间。The Mediterranean is just between Europe and Africa.地中海就在欧洲和非洲之间。among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。That town is among the mountains.那个小镇在群山之中。around:在四周;环绕。They were singing and dancing around a fire to celebrat
27、e their festival.他们围绕着一堆火又唱又跳,庆祝他们的节目。She showed the foreign guests around the city.她带着这些外国客人到城内各处逛了逛。7 in, into, out of在里面,用于表示静止的位置。Her mother works in the hospital.她的母亲在这所医院里工作。The boy is in Class Three, Grade Five.这孩子在五年级三班。into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,经常与表示动作的动词连用,如:come, go, run, rush等。The child ran
28、 into his mothers arms.那孩子跑入他母亲的怀抱。They all jumped into the sea and swam to the island.他们都跳入了海里,向那个岛上游过去。out of:从里出来,与into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向。All the children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.当下课铃响时,所有的孩子们都从教室里冲了出来。He took the card out of his pocket and showed it to the guard.他把证件从口袋里拿出来给警卫出示一下。out of.与from.用法的区别out of用于表示“由里向外”的动作,而 fro
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