英语记叙文写作方法总结.docx

1、英语记叙文写作方法总结英语记叙文写作方法总结在大学英语教学中,写作已成为一门非常重要的课程。无论是英语专业或非英语专业的学生都必须通过最基本的写作技能训练来达到清晰、完整地表达自己思想的目的。本文主要探讨英语记叙文的写作方法和技巧,旨在帮助学生提高英语写作水平和用英语表达思想的能力。英语的写作体裁有多种,不同体裁的写作是为了达到不同的目的。传统上英语把写作归为四类:记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文。虽然目前大学英语教材中的许多文章属于说明文和议论文,甚至大学英语四六级考试作文和英语专四、专八的考试作文体裁也大都是说明文或议论文。但是,值得指出的是:无论是那一篇英语文章的写作都不可能是自始至终的单

2、一体裁的使用,而往往是多种体裁的综合运用。记叙文就常常与描写文、说明文和议论文综合使用。记叙文是写作中比较常用的一种表达方式。在说明文中,可以运用叙述的方法来介绍事物的发展变化,或提供典型的事例,将事物的特征和本质说明的更具体、形象。在议论文中,可运用叙述来概括某些事实,从事实中引出论点,或以事实为依据来论证论点。因此,记叙文的写作知识是帮助写好英语其他体裁文章的一种不可不学的知识。一、什么是记叙文。记叙文是以记人、叙事为主要职能,对社会生活中的人或事物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描写的一种常见文章样式。它反映作者对某种生活的理解和评价,并以此来启示、教育和感染读者。以记人为主的记叙文,人物作为

3、主要记叙的对象。它一般是通过对人物在事件中的行为、活动的叙述和描写,来表现人物的精神、品质或个性特点。以叙事为主的记叙文,通常是以社会生活中所发生的典型事件为主要叙述对象。虽然任何事情的发展都离不开人,但在叙事文中,应着重突出事件的社会意义,尽量详细地描绘事件经过,以达到用事件来教育或提醒人们的目的。先请看下面一段文章:(1)Alfred Nobe,l the Swedish inventor and in-dustrialist, was aman ofmany contrasts. Hewas theson ofa bankrup,t butbecame amillionaire; a s

4、cien-tist with a love of literature, an industrialist whomanaged to remain an idealis.t He made a fortunebut lived a simple life, and although cheerful in com-pany, he was often sad in private. A lover ofman-kind, he never had a wife or family to love him; apatriotic son ofhis native land, he died a

5、lone on for-eign soi.l He invented a new explosive, dynamite, toimprove the peacetime industries ofmining and roadbuilding, butsaw itused asweapon ofwar to killandinjure his fellowmen. During his useful life he oftenfelthewas useless:“Alfred Nobe,l”he once wroteto himsel,f“ought to have been put to

6、death by akind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life”.World-famous forhisworks hewas neverpersonallywellknown, for throughouthis life he avoided public-ity.“I do not see,”he once said,“that I have de-served any fame and I have no taste for i.t”Butsince his death, hisname hasbrought fame and

7、 gloryto others.1(P. 2”5)。这是一段记人的文章,作者通过对比诺贝尔事业、生活和性格中的各种矛盾,刻画了他不同凡响的一生,渲染了他的高尚人格,突出了他不求名利,但求贡献的美德。再请看下一篇文章:(2) It seems thatallwe hear aboutnowadays isthe computer revolution. There are computers in theelibraries, schools, offices, and even in homes.Friends ofmine who once feared anything remotelya

8、ssociatedwith electronicsnow loudly sing the praisesof word - processing, as if the typewriter were aproductof the StoneAge. Lastweek I grew sowearyof listening to them that I decided to see formyselfexactlywhat theseswonders of technology could do.As I cautiously approached my college s writingcent

9、er, my earswere assaulted by the click-click-click ofkeyboards, and an occasional screech from aprinter. One of the tutors offeredme herassistance inlearning to operate themachine. W ithin amere twen-ty-five minutes I was typing happily, thinking allthewhile that I should have tried thismuch earlier

10、.Just as I began the conclusion ofmy English paper,the entire buildingwas plunged into silent darkness.Iwas dismayed at the thought ofhaving towaituntilthe following day to see the printou.t Then the tutortoldme the bad news: Ihad lost the entire essay justbecause I failed to click the save button o

11、ne minuteearlierwhen the electricitywentof.f My draftno lon-ger existed. W ith poise and grace, I feltmy way tothe exi.t1(P. 2”1)。这是一篇叙述作者首次操作电脑的叙事文。首段起笔于周边朋友对电脑的啧啧称赞,作者决心亲身体验的想法,行文自然、新颖。第二段叙述了作者在学校写作中心学习打印文稿由喜到忧的变化过程,勾勒出作者初识电脑的独特感受,叙述亲切、自然而又独特。二、如何写记叙文。(一)记叙文的开头。就一般情况而言,记叙文通常由三个部分组成:开头、展开和结尾。记叙文的开头

12、通常交代事件的背景,即交代事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物和人与人之间的相互关系等内容。这些方面包含着导致未来变化和发展的因素,可以帮助读者理解事件的本身。例如。介绍某次郊游的文章可以这样开头:(3)I had an interesting outing during the springholidays. ItwasSunday. The sunwas shining brigh-tly. The weather was fine and warm. I got up veryearly that day. After an early breakfast I went toMountMowi

13、thmy classmates by bike. We got thereat aboutnine.2(P. 81)。在这几行文字中,作者写明了郊游的时间、地点和人物。在开头的段落中,介绍了对郊游的准备和到达目的地的时间。由于这几点叙述得自然、紧凑,所以这种方式的开头犹如电影的开头画面一样向我们慢慢展开,把我们带到了郊游的目的地。在记人的文章中,我们首先应该把人物介绍给读者,对人物的一些外貌特征可以在开头部分中加以介绍。例如,在介绍一位老师的文章中可以这样开头:(4) Itwas in 1981 that I firstmetmy EnglishteacherMr. Wang Xing. He

14、 was not tall but verystrong at that time. His eyes shone brightly withknowledge behind a pair of glasses. Ever since thenwe have been good friends.2(P. 82)。在此段文字中,作者虽然没有直接交代事情发生的地点,但从所述的人物之间的关系,读者可以领会到此事的发生是在学校。另外,文中的knowledge一词和句子Eversince thenwe have beengood friends又为下文的展开作了很好的铺垫,容易吸引读者的注意力,激发读者

15、欲读下文的兴趣。(二)记叙文的展开。记叙文的展开通常可以从四个方面入手:以人物活动的时间顺序为线索;按空间位置变换组织材料;以事件发生的顺序记叙;以人物的主次性格特征为序。前两种方法主要用于叙事的文章中,第四种方法用于记人的文章中,第三种方法即可用于记人又可用于叙事。1、以人物活动的时间顺序为线索。前面我们介绍了一次郊游的开头,接下来我们可以按人物活动的时间顺序作如下展开:(5)We first stayed for an hour on the grasslandat the footof the hil.l Thereweremany people there.Some of us wer

16、e singing and dancing while otherswere playing games. Then we began to climb thehil,l talking and laughing.On the top of the hillwe overlooked the beaut-ifulEastLake and all cried,“Wow!”We were alsoshocked at the beauty of other hills and the fields a-round. Besides playing chess and badminton, wetookmany photographs.Atnoon we had a picnic. In the aft