沪教牛津版八年级下UNIT1HelpingthoseinneedWord格式文档下载.docx

1、（市场调节）2. permission n. = agreement 准许；批准Ask permission 报请批准 Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。同根词：permit v. = allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.知识拓展：（1）表示请求某人允许自己做某事，通常与动词ask, ask for, request连用。 She asked for p

2、ermission to leave work early.她请求许可早点下班。（2）表示允许某人做某事，通常与动词give连用。Who gave you permission to come here? 谁准许你到这里来的 （3）表示不允许某人做某事，通常与动词refuse/ deny 连用。 The school has been refused permission to expand.学校扩充未得到允许3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。 同根词：disable v. = m

3、ake （sb.） unable to do sth. 使残废，使伤残 He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。 enable v. neb（）l = make （sb.） able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。 搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍4. offer v. = be willing to

4、do something 主动提出 offer to do sth. 主动提出去做某事，愿意做某事Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。offer ones hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析：provide, offer的区别： provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品

5、,多数情况是免费的。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等，对方可以接受，也可以不接受。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。 He offered me a glass o

6、f wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。 5. illness n. （某种）病 The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst）ill, illness, sick的区别：illness是ill的名词形式，是可数名词。ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。 ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；sick既可以作表语又可以作定

7、语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。 She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。 sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。 He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。一言辨异：Although I am ill, I have to look after my sick sister

8、 at home today. Because of illness, she cant go to school.尽管我病了，但是今天我必须在家照看我生病的妹妹。因为疾病，她没有去上学。6. organize v. 组织 In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。organization n. 组织；机构 organizer n. 组织者organized adj. 有组织的 What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你

9、知道些什么？ Students need organized activities. 学生们需要有组织的活动。 Who is the organizer of the exhibition? 谁是这次展览会的组织者？ 7. express v. 表达；表露 This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情 She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。 8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier最高级：

10、loneliest） It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。lonely, alone的区别： alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。 lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。 alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独；独自 She went

11、home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。 The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doest feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。一言辩异: I didnt feel lonely though I was alone. 我虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。9. friendship n. 友情；友谊friend n. 朋友 复数：friends. True friendship is worth more than mon

12、ey. 真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。 friendly adj. 友好的 Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。 friendliness n. 友善 She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。 10. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲 The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国

13、正面临巨大的经济困难。difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的 The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 Its difficult for me. 对我来说这很难。have difficulty （in） doing something 做有困难 I had no difficulty （in） making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。 in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难 The bank is in difficulty/d

14、ifficulties. 这家银行处境困难。 11. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦 I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。joyful n. 快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的 He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。to ones joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 To her joy her son was permitted

15、 to a key university. 12. peace n. 平静；宁静 the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 One more question and Ill leave you in peace. 再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的 Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。 13. hurt v. = injure nd使疼痛；受伤 Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he ha

16、s lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的 They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。hurt oneself 自己受伤 Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？ 注意：身体伤害重用badly修饰。精神、感情受到创伤用 very much/ rather/ deeply修饰 The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在事故中伤得很重。 Your words deeply hurt

17、her. 你的话深深地伤害了她。 14. courage n. 勇气；勇敢encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。take ones courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为 gather courage鼓足勇气 lose courage 失去勇气 gather g vt. 收集；收割 Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door a

18、nd walked in. 她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。 Failure is the mother of success. Keep up your courage.失败是成功之母。鼓起你的勇气来。15. Spirits n. 情绪，心境他回到家里是情绪非常好。He felt in excellent spirits when he arrived home.Spirit n. 精神，勇气，意志。尽管他已经不再人世，但他的精神却至今还在。Even though he is no longer living, his spirit lives on today.固定搭配：in spirit 在心

19、里， 在精神上16. pay v. 付款；偿还 We paid 35 pounds for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。pay n. 工资；薪水；报答 They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为付款take, spend, cost和pay的用法区别： 总结： take一般用it作主语，例如：it takes sb. sometime

20、to do sth. spend一般是人作主语，例如：I spend an hour finishing my homework. cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：The book cost 200 yuan. pay一般是人作主语，例如：I pay lots of money for books. spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： （1）spend time/money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。 I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 （2）spend time/money （in） do

21、ing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。 They spent two years （in） building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 （3）spend money for sth. 花钱买 例如： His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下： （1）sth. costs （sb.） + 金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。 A new computer costs a lot of money. （2）（doing） sth. costs （sb.） + 时间，某物（

22、做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。 Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种： （1）It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 （2）doing sth. takes sb. + 时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。 Repairing this

23、 car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是： （1）pay （sb.） money for sth.付钱（给某人）买 例如： I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。 （2）pay for sth. 付的钱 例如： I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 （3）pay for sb. 替某人付钱 例如： Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的

24、。 （4）pay sb. 付钱给某人 例如： They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。 （5）pay money back 还钱 例如： May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. （6）pay off ones money 还清钱。17. voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 He made a voluntary statement to the police.他自愿为警方作供。18. be used for doing 被用来做（某事） be used to do 被用来去做 be

25、 used as 把用作，被用来当作 be used by （某物）被某人使用，by后接动词的执行者 *be used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做某事）*used to do sth. 过去常常做某事This medicine is used for curing cancer. 这种药物是用于治疗癌症的。Clothes are used to keep warm. 衣服是用来保暖的。The box is used as a table. 这个箱子被当作桌子用。This car is used by Mr. Li.这是李先生的专用轿车。My father is used to

26、getting up early. 我爸爸习惯于早起。I used to dance after school. 我过去常常放学后跳舞。In the past, people used to use horses as their transport. 过去人们常常使用马匹作为他们的交通工具。18. since then 自从那时起since I was born 自从我出生时since+ 时间点（用于完成时）自从5点开始他就在等了。He has waited since 5 oclock.陈先生自从2岁起就住在这儿。Mr. Chen has lived here since 2 years

27、old.我们自从七年前开始就学习英语了。We have learned English since 7 years ago.新词强化训练：1.They will give a concert to （筹款） for charity.2.You must （报请批准） if you want to leave early.3.-Excuse me, would you （帮我个忙）？-Sure, What would you like me to do?4.He is （因受苦） nervous tension（神经紧张）.5.Will you go to the park to （拍照） wi

28、th me this afternoon?6.Who knows what will happen （将来）？7.He is （不健康）. He is often sick.8.You must （照顾） yourself and keep healthy.9.My grandma is ill （住院）now. My aunt is taking care of her.10.We have a golf course in the _（社区）。11.-How much did you p_ for the sweater?-Eight dollars.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.People dont allow （teenager） to drive a car.2.He didnt go to the meeting because of his （ill）.3.We had no （difficult） in finding the house.4.Tom, dont b