1、(1)现在分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。(2)上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,现在分词可看成是主语补足语。ShewasheardsinginganEnglishsongyesterday昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。Acookwillbefiredifheisfoun
2、dsmokinginthekitchen.厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。(3)with+宾语+v-ingWithsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.4作状语现在分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住:从句和主句的主语必须一致。(1)表示时间。现在分词表时间时,相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad(=Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.)过马路时小心点。HavingturnedofftheTV,hebegan
3、todohishomework关掉电视后,他开始做家庭作业。(=AfterhehadturnedofftheTVhebegantodohishomework)(2)表示原因Beingsoexcited,shecouldntgotosleep(=Becauseshewassoexcited,shecouldntgotosleep.)因为她太兴奋了,所以睡不着。Nothavingreceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim(=Becauseshehadntreceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim因为没有收到他的
4、回信,她决定给他打个电话。(3)表示方式或伴随,常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand(=Theteachercameintotheclassroomandheldabookinhishand.)老师手拿一本书走进教室。Hecamerunningintotheroom.(=Hecameandranintotheroom)他跑进屋来。(4)表示结果,常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状语常放在句子的后半部分,分词前往往有副词thus,thereby(因此)或only,并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔
5、开,常可译为“于是,所以,因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语,也可以是前边的整个句子。逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时,其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。Thecarwasheldupbythestorm,causingthedelay.(=Thecarwasheldupbythestormandcausedthedelay.)汽车被暴风雨所阻挡,因而耽搁了。Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.(=Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,andlefttheprojectunfi
6、nished.)那位老科学突然去世,留下未尽的事业。Heturnedoffthelamp,(thereby)seeingnothing.(=Heturnedoffthelamp,therebyhesawnothing.)他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(=Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,whichresultedinanincreaseinproduction.)大量的新机器被从
7、国外引入,导致生产增加。(5)表示条件,常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workinghard,youllsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard,youllsucceed.)努力工作,你就会成功。(6)表示让步,常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidntstopworking.(=ThoughBillyfelttired,hedidntstopworking.尽管觉得很累,但比利并没有停止他的工作。提示:如果现在分词作时间,条件或者让步状语时,前面可以直接加相应的连词,如when,while,unless,if,th
8、ough。BecarefulwhencrossingtheroadThoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidntstopworking三、分词的否定式分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前。Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thelittlegirldoesntdaretogotoschool小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。四、独立成分作状语有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下
9、文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generallyspeaking总的来说;judgingfrom/by根据判断;speakingof说到;talkingof谈到;franklyspeaking坦率地说;allowingfor考虑到。Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry从他的脸色上看,他很生气。Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.考虑到雨季的耽误,这项工程大约需要8个月。Franklyspeaking,thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地说,这部车不值得
10、买。五基础练习题1.Hesatthere_anovel.?A.read?B.reading?C.reads?D.hadread2.Dontwakeupthe_child.?A.sleep?B.slept?C.sleeping?D.sleepy3.Aproverbgoes:A_stonegathersnomoss.?A.roll?B.rolling?C.rolled?D.rolls4.Theheavyrainkeptus_fortwohours.?A.wait?B.waited?C.waiting?D.towait5.Wefoundthebaby?_onthefloor.?A.slept?B.s
11、leep?C.asleep?D.sleeping6.Jacksawawoman_nearthedog,sohewalkeduptoher.A.stood?B.stands?C.tostand?D.standing7._ourshoesinourhands,wecrossedthestream.A.Tocarry?B.Carrying?C.Carried?D.Carry8._myhomework,Iwenthome.A.Havingfinished?B.Finished?C.Beingfinished?D.Finish9._thedoorunlocked,Iwentin.A.Finding?B.
12、Found?C.Hadfound?D.Havefound10._acarelessfellow,heforgetallaboutit.?A.Is?B.Be?C.Being?D.Was11.Youmustbecarefulwhen_onthehighway.A.youdriving?B.aredriving?C.driving?D.youweredriving12.Enginesaremachines_powerormotion.A.produce?B.producing?C.produced?D.whichproducing13Weather_,wewillhaveapicnictomorro
13、w.?A.permitB.permitsC.permittedD.permitting14.Thevacation?_over,thestudentscamebacktoschool.?A.isB.areC.wasD.being15._thepainting,hegaveasighofrelief.A.Finishing?B.Hasfinished?D.Havingfinished16._thewaytotake,thetravellerwentonhisjourney.A.Telling?B.Havingtold?C.Havingbeentold?D.Havetold17.Dontsitth
14、ere_nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing18.Thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover19.Tomsneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.Itsnouse_withhim.A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued20._,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsq
15、uality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally21.“Youcantcatchme!”Janeshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran22.Icouldtdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon23._formanyyears,thetwobrotherscantrecognizeeachother.A.BeingseparatedB.Havingsepara
16、tedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated24.Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making25.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.C.beingrunD.torun26.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime_theexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing27.
17、Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting28.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked29.Icouldntfindmykeytothecarwhen_home.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD.havingleft30.Though_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimt
18、ouniversity.A.lackedB.lackC.lackingD.lackedin31.The_girlwaslastseen_nearthepark.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playD.missed;toplay.A.torepairbikesB.bikestoberepairedC.bikesbeingrepairedD.repairingbikes32.Theoldmantoldthestoryina_voiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery_.A.frightening;frightenedB.frigh
19、tened;frighteningC.frightening;frighteningD.frightened;frightened33.Didyoutellherthenews?No,ofcoursenot.But_fromwhatshesaid,shemusthaveknownaboutit.A.judgeB.judgedC.beingjudgedD.judging34._fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NotbeingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Nothavingmad
20、e六真题再现1.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.(99)A.read B.readsC.toread D.reading2.Recentlyasurvey_pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(11江苏31)A.compared B.comparing C.comparesD.beingcompared3.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchi
21、ldrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.(2010浙江) A.beingweighed B.toweigh C.weighed D.weighing4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.(09江西34)A.forced B.forcing C.tobeforcedD.havingforced5.Atthebeginningofclass,then
22、oiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosed(2007全国)C.beingopenedandclosed D.toopenandclose6.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2000北安春招15) A.havinghung B.hanging C.hangsD.beinghung7.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.(2007上海) A.calling
23、 B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall8.The_boywaslastseen_neartheEast Lake.(2000上海39) A.missing;playing B.missing;play C.missed;played D.missed;toplay9.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_Chineseintheschool,most_werefromGermany.(2006辽宁) A.study;ofwhom B.study;them C.studying;them D.studying;whom1
24、0.Whilewatchingtelevision,_.(2005全国)A.thedoorbellrang B.theringsC.weheardring D.we11.When_differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytodifferenceswithoutnoticingmanysimilarities.(2006浙江) A.compared B.beingcompared C.comparingD.havingcompared12.Cantyouread?Marysaid_tothenotice.(93)A.angrilypointing B.a
25、ndpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing13.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.(94)A.havingadded B.toadd C.adding D.added14.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,_inthenaturallightduringtheday.(2007天津6)A.tolet B.letting C.let D.havinglet15.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57
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