高考英语阅读理解新题型七选五讲与练Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清

2、晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。例如：（2009年高考英语辽宁卷阅读理解新题型样题）第二节（共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.

3、 Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.7

4、3The following methods may work best for you.Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.Write your notes in your own words.74Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or wr

5、itten.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand（速记）. When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.75A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Othe

6、rwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and rem

7、ember it.答案：GEFAD分析：这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构。第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。【解题策略】1理清句际间意义的关系文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的

8、，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。如上述2009年高考英语辽宁卷阅读理解新题型样题中，第一段的第一句“Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways”与下面几句是解释关系，解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意

9、思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系，平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的语段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系，层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同与顺序关系，顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍，而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关系，第一、二句组合为一个语段，第三、四句组合为另外一个语段，语段与语段之

10、间是总分关系，总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应，彼此配合，使语脉清楚，条分缕析，如“Whenever or however you take notes”一句与前两句前呼后应，彼此配合，为前句选“E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. ”埋伏了一笔，逻辑性很强。第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系，而后列举的方法是平列关系。第四段的最后两句是转折关系，转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。2找出句

11、子之间的连接性的词语文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是承接关系（如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等）平列关系（如first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another

12、 thing;to begin with, to conclude等）。比如文章中的选项71，由Second、Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G.项。转折关系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等）。比如选项75，

13、与前句构成了转折关系，故应选D项答案。层递关系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also等）。如72 选项，与前句组合为层递关系，故应选包含also的E.项句子。解释关系，如73选项应选F.选项，与74选项平等的，是一组祈示句，而非陈述句，故应选A.项而非B项。总之，对一个语段或语篇的分析，可以按以下步骤进行：（1）通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章

14、的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。（2）详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段

15、写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。（3）定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。

16、一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。（4）通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很

17、强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。（5）确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。【考题预测】1. 内容选择：阅读新题型文章选择要注重两个方面的内容：一是选材注重选取贴近考生、贴近生活、新颖的、时代感强的材料，以体现考纲中明确提出的“命题重视新材料、新情境 的创设与运用，测试考生的综合语言运用能力”的指导思想。如2007年短文填空话题是“学生假期组织俱乐部”；2008年短文填空是贴近考生的“如何作笔记”话题。2009年短文填空是

18、话题；二是所选文章内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明，便于学生在阅读的基础上，进行综合理解，并对于一些信息进行概括或充分表达。2. 文章长度： 07年短文填空为270左右；08年短文填空为270词左右，09年短文填空为270词左右。总之，文章的选择不能太短（少于250词）或太长（多于350）。另外，文章的长度还会与整套试题中阅读的总词数有关。3. 文体的选择：文章的选择以说明、议论、夹叙夹议等为主，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考察逻辑思维能力，出现机率不大。【练习】（1）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。_71_ One of the best things

19、you can possibly do is to start you own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _72_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making thi

20、ngs? The list is endless.Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _73_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you._74 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll

21、keep you busy for ages.At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can

22、speed a lot of time making them. 75 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started youll think of loads of more interesting things to do!A. Thats easy.B. Enjoy your own club!C. Invite a des

23、igner to join you.D. What are you interest in?E. Some vacation is just around the corner.F. Then you need to pick a name for your club.G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.（2）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and wh

24、at it takes to achieve happiness? _71_. The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life. Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.Surround yourself with happy people

25、. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. _72_.When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people dont allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little though

26、t they can turn the circumstances back to their favor._73_. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness. 74 . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes

27、 on your appearance, you will be subconsciously （下意识地） putting yourself in a better mood.Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 75 .AWhat makes one pe

28、rson happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.BOn the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.CBeing overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mooDDThese are important questions for anyone who

29、 is seeking happiness to ask themselves.ESpend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.FThere are some tips in life that lead to happiness.GIts also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.（3）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。_71_ .Being angry d

30、oesnt really solve much, but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm down and try to solve what is bothering you. This is hard for some kids and adults, too. Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!_72_ .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways una