深圳金卷届中考英语第二部分基础语法复习.docx

1、深圳金卷届中考英语第二部分基础语法复习第二部分基础语法此部分为初中阶段必须掌握的语法，讲解较为详细，共分为15个专题。每个专题由常考点知识清单和巩固训练组成。常考点知识清单对所涉及考点，精讲细析。巩固训练是针对所讲考点进行巩固性地针对训练，有助于学生夯实考点。一、构词法历年来构词法在中考中也占有一定比例，它主要考查的是一些派生词，即前缀和后缀，同时也考查一些合成词。了解一些构词法的知识有助于我们快速扩大词汇量，提高阅读能力和解题速度。下面我们就一起来学习一下吧！ 常考点知识清单（研习考点）几种主要的构词法1. 合成法 合成法即把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。例：fi

2、reman 消防员，babysit 照看婴孩，man-made 人造的2. 派生法 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。例：unhappy 不开心的，retell 复述，reader 读者3. 转化法 把一个单词从一种词性转化成另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。例：orange n. 橘子orange adj. 橙色的answer n. 答案answer v. 回答4. 缩略法： 缩略法是指将单词省略一部分，使其缩短，在读音和写法上呈现新的形式。例：laboratorylab 实验室refrigeratorfridge 冰箱5. 缩写法：

3、缩写法是取一个词或几个词的代表部分再进行组合的一种构词方法。例：United NationsUN 联合国Very Important PersonVIP 贵宾常见的前后缀考点一：前缀意义前缀例词表示否定意义dis-disappear 消失，disagree 不同意il-illegal 不合法的im-impossible 不可能的，impolite 无礼的in-incorrect 不正确的，independent 独立的ir-irregular 不规则的，irresponsible 不负责任的mis-mistake 弄错，misunderstand 误解un-unnecessary 不必要的，u

4、nfair 不公平的表示重复re-rewrite 重写，rebuild 重建表示“使”en-enable 使能够，enrich 使丰富对点集训：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Dont tell lies. Nobody likes those _ (honest) people.2. The boy doesnt show good manners to others. Hes _ (polite).3. Your password is _ (correct). Please try again.4. They didnt actually break the rules. It was

5、_ (fair) to punish them.5. The Internet _ (able) us to know whats happening in the world.6. It is _ (legal) for children under 18 to drink in a bar or buy any alcohol in a store in America.考点二：后缀词性后缀例词名词后缀-erfarmer 农民，stranger 陌生人-ordirector 导演，inventor 发明家-essactress 女演员，waitress 女服务员-istartist 艺术家

6、，scientist 科学家-cianphysician 医师，musician 音乐家-eseChinese 中国人，Japanese 日本人-anAmerican 美国人，European 欧洲人-thtruth 事实，youth 青年-ydifficulty 困难，discovery 发现-shipfriendship 友谊，leadership 领导权-hoodchildhood 童年，neighborhood 附近-mentachievement 成就，development 发展-alarrival 到达，refusal 拒绝-ion/-sion/-ation/-action/-c

7、ation/-itioneducation 教育，decision 决定invitation 邀请，competition 竞赛-ingbuilding 建筑物，meeting 会议-ityelectricity 电力，activity 活动-ance/enceappearance 外貌，difference 差异-domfreedom 自由，kingdom 王国-nesskindness 仁慈，illness 疾病动词后缀-enwiden 加宽，weaken 使变弱-ifybeautify 使变美，simplify 使简易-ize/-iserealize 意识到，modernize 使现代化

8、形容词后缀-able/-iblecomfortable 舒适的，responsible 负责的-alcultural 文化的，musical 关于音乐的-ic/-icalscientific 科学的，historical 历史的-ishfoolish 愚蠢的，childish 孩子气的-fulcareful 仔细的，thankful 感谢的-lesshomeless 无家可归的，endless 无止境的-lyfriendly 友好的，lively 活泼的-enwooden 木制的，golden 金黄色的-ernwestern 西部的，northern 北部的-ysnowy 多雪的，lucky

9、幸运的-ous/-iousfamous 著名的，serious 严肃的-ant/-entpleasant 令人愉快的，excellent 极好的-iveactive 积极的，expensive 昂贵的-edexcited 兴奋的，pleased 高兴的-inginteresting 有趣的，surprising 令人惊讶的副词后缀-lyquickly 迅速地，suddenly 突然地-wardeastward 向东，forward 向前对点集训：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Its _ (danger) to play football in the street.2. There are

10、_ (different) between the twins.3. Look! How _ (happy) Mary is laughing!4. He hopes his son will become a _ (music).5. They plan to _ (building) a hotel here.6. Be _ (care) when you cross the street.巩固训练（夯实考点）I. 按要求写出下列单词的词形变化i. 写出下列单词的名词形式1. kind 2. foreign 3. agree 4. safe 5. meet 6. know 7. arriv

11、e 8. important ii. 写出下列单词的形容词形式1. friend 2. China 3. luck 4. success 5. north 6. pride 7. sun 8. wood II. 单句语法填空（用所给单词的适当形式填空）1. Maria Sharapova is an outstanding tennis _ (play).2. Many foreigners enjoy Chinese fashion, _ (especial) the Tang costume.3. My grandfather thinks that kids have too much

12、_ (free) these days.4. We cant go out to have a picnic because it is raining _ (heavy) outside.5. The doctor said that her mother needed an _ (operate).6. It was _ (fool) of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.7. The City Council has a detailed plan to _ (beauty) the city.8.

13、 Anna had a fever yesterday, so she was _ (able) to go to school.9. Such an important problem should be discussed _ (serious).10. The lecture was so _ (bore) that some people fell asleep while listening.11. To improve your writing skills, youd better _ (development) a habit of reading.12. This pair

14、of shoes is made by hand, and it feels very _ (comfort).13. The time is too short. Its _ (possible) for Jack to finish the work.14. You must be _ (hunger) after the long walk. Help yourself to some cakes.15. A lot of trees are planted around here every year, and we can _ (enjoyable) fresher air now.二、名词 常考点知识清单（研习考点） 考点一：可数名词的复数形式1. 规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加 -s pen pens; doctor doctors; map maps 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -esbus buse