卫生C第五讲2版Word文件下载.docx

1、English familyD:German family答案:C解析:细节题。问题问及Florence Nightingale的出生，从文章开头开始查找，注意文章中出现的与出生有关的词语。这样发现答案相关句：Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe（该句直接揭示了她父母的情况：英国人。）2、Nightingales parents did not approve of her decisionto work as a do

2、ctorto care for sickpeopleto fight in the war with Russiato travel to hospitals all over EuropeB利用题干中出现的特征词Nightingales parents和核心短语结构approve of作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick peopleHer parents did not approved，but Nightingale was determin

3、ed（与decision相呼应）该句内容直接回答了问题，因此B（照顾穷人）是答案。3、It was not until the war with Russia that Nightingalegot to work in a hospitalbegan to study nursingstarted to care for sick people in their homesbecame the head of Gentlewomen During IllnessA利用题干中出现的特征结构the war with Russia作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：In 1 854, England

4、 was fighting a war with RussiaNews reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the woundedPeople demanded that something be done about itA leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitalsSo，in November 1 854，Nightingale

5、 finally got to work in a hospital.（该句内容直接回答的问题：直到与俄国的战争开始的时候，Nightingale才开始在医院里工作）4、On the battle fields Nightingale and her nurses proved to beas bad as the doctors had expectedquite generousless than usefulvery helpfulD总结概括题。借助常识判断A和C（没什么用）肯定不是答案。作为与C成反意项的D成为答案的可能性很大。注意到题干提到的是“Nightingale and her

6、 nurses”，利用这个结构作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：At first，the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitalsThey did not believe that women could helpBut in fact，the nurses did make a differenceThey worked around the clock，tending the sickThanks to their hard work，many wounded

7、 soldiers survived（该句内容反映出Nightingale and her nurses作了很突出的工作） 5、Nightingale played a great role inthe building of war hospitalsthe education of womenthe development of nursingthe improvement of working conditions for women借助上面问题的解答，知道“Nightingale和她的护士”是文章的中心（护理业的发展），因此判断C是答案。 也可以借助原文内容解题。这篇文章是介绍性的文字

8、， 文章主要介绍的是Nightingale这个人， 这道题涉及到对文章主要人物Nightingale的评价，通常人物介绍性的文字都会把对人物的评价放在文章的开头或者结尾处， 因此注意文章结尾部分的内容， 文章结尾处说：In time（最终），thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine（多亏了Nightingale， 护理业才成为了医学研究上的一个重要部分。）， 根据这句话的内容判断C是答案。6、第2篇 Medical Journals Medical journals are publi

9、cations that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals In the past，these journals were available only in printWith the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only onlineA few medical journa

10、ls，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicineMost medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine Medical journals publish many types of articlesResearch articles report t

11、he results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatmentsReview articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literatureBec

12、ause the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular diseaseCase conferences and case reports

13、may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at themEditorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue Editorials provide perspective

14、on how the current article fits with other information on the same topicLetters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journalThe main readers of medical journals arethe general publichealthprofessi

15、onalsmedical criticsnews reporters问题问及“医疗杂志的主要读者”，借助题干中的核心词main readers作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals（与“main readers”呼应）该句间接的回答了问题 - 医学杂志是向内科医生和其他健康专家提供医疗信息，所以答案是B。7、Which of the following statements is

16、NOT true?Many medical journals also publish onlineA few medical journals are general medical journalsMost medical journals publish only onlineMost medical journals are specialty journals发现被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助被选项共有词publish作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet

17、（该句与A内容一致），and some journals publish only online（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular ar

18、ea of medicine（该句与D内容一致）8、 How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?FiveSevenFourSix该题涉及到文章类型的数量。注意文章中提及文章类型的句子。Medical journals publish many types of articlesResearch articles（研究文章） report the results of Review articles （综述文章）summarize and analyze .Case conferences and case rep

19、orts （病例会诊和病理报告）may be published in medical journals .Editorials （社论）provide perspective on .Letters to the editor （读者来信）provide a way for readers of .如上面分析， 文章中一共提到了5种类型的文章。9、 An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is calleda research articlea review articlea case

20、reportan editorial利用题干中的核心结构the same topic作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询后找出的有关某一具体主题的信息进行汇总和分析”）Because the results of individual research studies can be

21、affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease 划线结构说“汇集对同一主题所做的不同研究有助于出.的结论”，结合前一句的内容“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询后找出的有关某一具体主题的信息进行汇总和分析”可以得出的结论

22、是“将同一题目的不同研究结果加以归纳和分析的文章是综述文章”， 所以判断B是答案。10、Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments onany medical eventarticles published in the same issuearticles published in that journalmedical development借助题干中的核心结构Letters to the editor和express comments on作为答案线索，这样在文章最后部分找到答

23、案相关句：Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal。（该句内容直接回答了问题：对杂志上发表的文章进行评论，提出问题或提出批评意见）11、第3篇 Common-cold Sense You cant beat it，but you dont have to join itMaybe it got the name “common

24、 cold” because its more common in winterThe fact is，though，being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting oneColds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses，and，at least so far，medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one Children are the most commo

25、n way cold viruses are spread to adults，because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per yearWhy do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? SimpleThey havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses There are more than 1 50 different cold viruses，and you never have the same one twiceBeing infected by one makes you immune to it but only it Colds are usually spread by