北师大版八年级上册英语 Unit 4 词汇与语法基础解析版 1Word格式文档下载.docx

1、flu流行感冒serious严重的；严肃的twice adv. 两次，两遍note（病假）证明；笔记patient病人date日期symptom症状treatment治疗cold感冒；冷 adj. 寒冷的once一次advice建议，劝告sleepy困倦的，瞌睡的harmful有害的sneeze打喷嚏 n. 喷嚏soap肥皂time次，回；时间air空气；空中earphone耳机volume音量；体积harm n.&伤害，损害care n. 照顾，小心 v. 关注，在意wonder想知道；感到惊讶 n. 惊讶；奇迹bone骨头blood血hold拿着although conj. 尽管，虽然ou

2、tside外面，外部 adj. 外面的 adv. 在（或向）外面 prep. 在外面inside n. 里面，内部 adj. 里面的 在（或向）里面 在里面nutrient营养；营养物waste废物；浪费 v. 浪费calcium钙solid坚硬的vitamin维生素，维他命stair楼梯lunchtime午餐时间ping-pong 乒乓球less较少的，更少的letter字母；信函blank空白处 空白的二、重点词汇1. advice noun /dvas/an opinion that someone offers you about what you should do or how y

3、ou should act in a particular situation 意见；忠告；劝告例句：Steven gave me some good advice.史蒂文给了我一些好建议。I think Ill take your advice and get the green dress.我想，我就听你的建议，拿这件绿色连衣裙吧。2. harm noun & verb /hm/1）. n. physical or other injury or damage 伤害，损害，危害Missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any harm.

4、偶尔少吃一顿饭对身体无害。She meant no harm. - she was only joking.她并无恶意，只是在开玩笑。2）. v. to hurt someone or damage something 伤害，损害Thankfully no one was harmed in the accident.谢天谢地，没有人在事故中受伤。The governments reputation has already been harmed by a series of scandals.政府的声誉已因一系列丑闻受到了损害。3. breath noun /bre/the air that

5、 goes into and out of your lungs 呼吸的空气；气息She was dizzy and short of breath.她头昏眼花，上气不接下气。He burst into the room, red-faced and out of breath.他冲进房间，满脸通红，气喘吁吁。4. care verb. /ker/1）. U the process of protecting someone or something and providing what that person or thing needs 保护；照看；照料The standard of ca

6、re at our local hospital is excellent.我们当地医院的护理水平很出色。Nurseries are responsible for the children in their care.托儿所要对他们照管的孩子负责。2）. U serious attention, especially to the details of a situation or thing仔细；小心；谨慎You need to take a bit more care with your spelling.你得多注意一下你的拼写。The roads are icy, so drive w

7、ith care.道路结冰，小心驾驶。3）. v. to think that something is important and to feel interested in it or upset about it在乎，关心，介意Shes never cared very much about her appearance.她对自己的外表从不很在意。I really dont care whether we go out or not.我们出不出去我真的不在意。5. hold verb /hld/1）. to take and keep something in your hand or

8、arms 握住，抓住The little girl held her mothers hand.这个小女孩抓着妈妈的手。He held her in his arms.他把她抱在怀里。2）. to support something 支撑，承受Will the rope be strong enough to hold my weight?这根绳子禁得住我的重量吗？Each wheel is held on with four bolts.每个轮胎都由4颗螺栓固定。3）. to contain or be able to contain something 容纳，包含One bag wont

9、hold all of the shopping - wed better take two.买的这些东西一个袋子装不下我们最好拿两个。Computers can hold huge amounts of information.现代的计算机能存储海量的信息。4）. to have something such as a meeting or an election 使发生；举行（尤指会议或选举）Could we hold a meeting to discuss this tomorrow afternoon?明天下午我们开会讨论这件事好吗？The election will be held

10、 on 8 August.选举将于8月8日举行。5）. to wait, or to stop something temporarily 等待；暂时阻止，推迟How long can you hold your breath?你憋气能憋多久？Will you hold my calls for the next half hour please?半小时内请不要把电话转进来，好吗？6. patient adjective /pent/1）. n. a person who is receiving medical care, or who is cared for by a particula

11、r doctor or dentist when necessary 病人Im a patient of Dr. Stephens; please could I make an appointment to see her?我是斯蒂芬斯医生的病人，请问我能不能预约一下看病时间？The patient was out and about.那个病人起床外出走动了。2）. having patience 有耐心的，忍耐的Dinner will be ready in half an hour - just be patient!晚饭半小时后就好有点耐心！Be patient with her -

12、shes very young.对她耐心点她年纪太小了。7. treatment noun /tritmnt/1）. the way you deal with or behave towards someone or something对待；待遇；处理Peter gets special treatment because he knows the boss.彼得认识老板，所以受到了特殊待遇。We were given the full VIP treatment.我们受到了完全的贵宾待遇。2）. the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a per

13、son of an illness or injury治疗，医治Perhaps its time to try a new course of treatment.也许该是试试接受新疗程治疗的时候了。There are various treatments for this complaint.这种病有多种治疗方法。8. symptom noun /smptm/any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease（疾病的）症状Any other symptom?有别的

14、症状吗？So, you must have to observe for the first symptom.所以，你必须观察这些说谎的第一征兆。9. note noun /nt/1）. a short piece of writing 短笺，便条He left a note to say he would be home late.他留下字条说他会晚点回家。Theres a note on the door saying when the shop will open again.门上钉着一张便条，上面写着商店何时将重新开张。2）. a single sound at a particula

15、r level, usually in music, or a written symbol that represents this sound 音；音符She played three long notes on the piano.她在钢琴上弹了3个长音。The engine noise suddenly changed its note and rose to a whine.引擎噪音突然越来越响，变成了尖叫声。10. waste verb /west/1）. n. an unnecessary or wrong use of money, substances, time, ener

16、gy, abilities, etc.浪费；滥用Shes been unemployed for two years and its such a waste of her talents.她已经失业两年了，这纯粹是浪费她的才华。My mother couldnt stand waste - she always made us eat everything on our plates.我母亲不能容忍浪费她总是让我们吃光自己盘子里的所有东西。2）. n. unwanted matter or material of any type, especially what is left after

17、 useful substances or parts have been removed 废品，垃圾，废物，废料Oil spills are common, as is the dumping of toxic industrial wastes.溢油现象很常见，就像倾倒有毒工业废料一样。The Japanese recycle more than half of their waste paper.日本人对他们一半以上的废纸进行回收。3）. v. to use too much of something or use something badly when there is a limi

18、ted amount of it未好好利用Come on, lets get started - weve wasted enough time already.快点儿，我们开始吧我们已经浪费了不少时间了。Dont waste your money on such junk.亲爱的，别在我身上浪费钱了，你自己留着吧。三、必背短语1. for example 例如 2. plenty of 许多；大量3. bird flu 禽流感 4. potato chip 薯片5. brush teeth 刷牙 6. take a shower 洗淋浴7. go to the dentist 去看牙医 8.

19、 stay fit 保持健康9. be harmful to sb. 对某人有害 10. make sure 确信11. be bad for sb. 12. do a survey 做调查13. be able to do sth. 能够做某事 14. move away 移走15. the same as 和一样 16. be different from 和不同17. waste water 浪费水 18. once a day 一天一次四、经典句型1. Whats the matter?你怎么了？2. Lets take your temperature.量量体温吧。3. Can th

20、is make me deaf?这会使我耳聋吗？4. At the moment, its very hard for people to get bird flu.目前，人们不易患上禽流感。5. Its good to wash your hands because it helps you stay healthy.洗手有益，有助于保持健康。6. However, you dont need to wash your hands 20 times a day.但是，你不需要一天洗20次手。7. Bones are strong enough to support our weight.骨骼

21、很结实，能够支撑我们的体重。8. Exercise improves our bone health too, so make it a habit.运动也可以改善我们的骨骼健康，所以养成运动的习惯吧。三点剖析一、考点1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2. 状语从句用法状语从句在句中用作状语，由从属连词引导。状语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以在句末。1）. 时间状语从句时间状语从句由下列从属连词引导：when（当时），as （当，一边一边），while（在期间），after（在之后），before （在之前），as soon as （一就） since（自从），till/ until（直到），w

22、henever（任何时候）等。When my uncle came yesterday, I was playing football.昨天我叔叔来的时候，我正在踢足球。As the girls walked along the lake, they sang happily.那些女孩沿着湖边走边开心地唱歌。Lets wait until the rain stops.我们等到雨停吧。2）. 原因状语从句原因状语从句由下列从属连词引导：because（因为）,since（既然）,as（由于）等。He went to bed because he felt ill.他去睡觉了，因为他生病了。Si

23、nce Im here today, I saw everything.因为我今天在这儿，我看到了所有事情。As it was raining hard. they stayed home.因为雨下的很大，他们就待在家了。3）. 结果状语从句so可以引导结果状语从句。I didnt plan the work well. so I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，所以没能及时完成。4）. 让步状语从句让步状语从句由下列从属连词引导：though（虽然），although （虽然）.as （尽管）, even if（即使），even though（即使），no

24、matter（不管）等。Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.尽管与下的很大，我们还是很享受我们的假期。The house isnt very nice. I like the garden though.这所房子不是那么好，但是我依然很喜欢。Even though I was really tired. I couldnt sleep.尽管我很累，我仍然睡不着。例题：_ there are many differences, most resolutions have one thing _ common.A. Although;

25、in B. But; C. Though; on D. But; on【答案】A【解析】考查连词和固定搭配。根据句意：尽管有很多不同点，但是大多数的决议都有一个共同点。although引导的让步状语从句，have sth. in common有共同点，故选A。二、易错点suchthat与sothat区别suchthat与sothat都可以用来引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以致”。1. such是形容词，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带。如果其后是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。因此，suchthat的句型结构可分为以下三种：1）. suc

26、h +a（n）（+adj.）+单数可数名词+that从句。She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。Table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.乒乓球是一项很有趣的运动，以致全世界的人都参加这项运动。2）. such（+adj.）+复数可数名词+that从句。They are such interesting books that I want to read t

27、hem once more.这些书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。3）. such（adj.）+不可数名词+that从句。It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.天气太坏，以致我不得不呆在家里。2. so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so + adj./adv. +that从句。He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him.他跑得那么快，我赶不上他。I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.我太瞌睡了，眼睛几乎睁不开了。注意：1. 当名词前面有many，much，few，little等表示数量