考研英语一真题及参考答案Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 ? light sources, such as fire

2、s and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. A. Few B. Most C. Some D. All2. A. put B. take C. run

3、D. come3. A. Since B. Until C. Though D. If4. A. formally B. literally C. gradually D. relatively5. A. around B. away C. back D. next6. A. onto B. along C. across D. off7. A. unattractive B. unfamiliar C. unchanged D. uncrowded8. A. way B. point C. site D. place9. A. Instead B. Yet C. So D. Besides1

4、0. A. immediately B. eventually C. unexpectedly D. intentionally11. A. frightened B. annoyed C. surprised D. confused12. A. problem B. result C. view D. option13. A. Above all B. For example C. On average D. In contrast14. A. spot B. avoid C. bridge D. separate15. A. from B. under C. beyond D. throu

5、gh16. A. posts B. breaks C. shades D. links17. A. hidden B. mysterious C. artificial D. limited18. A. Finally B. Consequently C. Incidentally D. Generally19. A. memories B. belongings C. notes D. marks20. A. lead B. adapt C. restrict D. exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following

6、four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delaye

7、d 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making,

8、not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism,” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshal

9、l, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven

10、 months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism.”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trad

11、ing of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.I

12、n the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied

13、 to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, th

14、e right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21. Accor

15、ding to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is toA. guarantee the bonuses of top executives.B. enhance bankers sense of responsibility.C. build a new system of financial regulation.D. help corporations achieve larger profits.22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the solid structur

16、e of publicly traded companies.B. governments impatience in decision-making.C. the conditions for generating quick profits.D. “short-termism” in economic activities.23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can beA. minimal.B. indirect.C. adverse.D. temporary.24

17、. The US and France examples are used to illustrateA. the approaches to promoting “long-termism.”B. the prevalence of short-term thinking.C. the significance of long-term thinking.D. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism.”25. Which of the following would be the best title for the textA. Decisiv

18、eness Required of Top ExecutivesB. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismC. Patience as a Corporate VirtueD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation the gradual increase in average GPAs （grade-point averages） over the past few decades is often considered a product of a consumer era in highe

19、r education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness” is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most rec

20、ent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school （and paying tuition） and improve their graduation rates. When thi

21、s practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even gradu

22、ate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Ultimately,” sa

23、id Jack Miner, Ohio State Universitys registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as wel

24、l. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students who, at the end of the day, are

25、paying the bill feel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to

26、lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible or at least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflationA. Colleges neglect of GPAs.B. The influenc

27、e of consumer culture.C. Students indifference to GPAs.D. The change of course catalogs.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgivenessA. To maintain colleges graduation rates.B. To increase universities income from tuition.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To help freshmen

28、adapt to college learning.28. According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges toA. obtain more financial support.B. improve their teaching quality.C. boost their student enrollments.D. meet local governments needs.29. What does the phrase “to be aligned” （Line 5, Para. 6） most probably meanA. To counterbalance each other.B. To be contradictory to each other.C. To be identical with each other.D. To complement each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness