被动语态讲解及练习附答案可打印Word文件下载.docx

1、2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2） 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 他妈妈给了他一件生日礼物。可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3） 当“动词+

2、宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 有人抓住了那个在吸烟的男孩。可改为The boy smoking a cigarette was caught.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 有人

3、看到一个陌生人走进了大楼。可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5） 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 会议被推迟到了星期五。3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态） 。 例 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 我不喜欢在公众

4、场合被嘲笑。二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 （这时可省 by 短语）。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognize

5、d by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大

6、家认为，It is suggested that据建议。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. 据说那个男孩通过了国家级考试。（The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth

7、washes well. 这种布好洗。注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come

8、 out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable。你的理由听起来合理。五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例 The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理

9、。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例 The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）这本图画书很值得看。3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon （to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。）Ill g

10、o to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? （ 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for

11、me）.5 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,

12、 blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。

13、例The building is under construction（ is being constructed）.2“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。beyond belief （令人难以置信）， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumor is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“（品质、行为、能力等） 超过、高于”。例His honest character is abov

14、e all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale（出售）, for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. （= That house is to be sold）.5“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight（在视野范围内），等。例The book is not yet in print（=is not yet printed）6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”

15、。on sale（出售），on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum （= are being showed）.7“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常见的有：out of control （控制不了），out of sight （超出视线之外），out of ones reach（够不着）, out of fashion（不流行）等。例 The plane was out of control （cant be controlled） 。8“within+名词”结构，“在

16、内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission.E注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much

17、，so much，too much修饰。He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。F牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化） be made from由制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来 be used as被

18、当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said that据说 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that众所周知例如：Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？YesIts ShanghaiAmade of；made by Bmade of；made inCmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wetAfor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 据说在南

19、京长江上又在建一座桥。_ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing（四）几种特殊的被动语态带不定式的被动语态。The child is sure to be punished for that. 那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。2. 带介词的动词短语的被动语态。 Such a thing has never been heard of. 这件事前所未闻。3. 带副词的动词短语的被动语态。The radio has just been turned off. 收音机刚刚被关上。 4. 当sell, wash, cle

20、an, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。 The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。被动语态习题 11. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have toD do not keep

21、；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told4.

22、I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by t

23、he end of last month. A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken

24、place; have been set up B. have taken place; C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B.

25、 has been builtC. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typingC to be typed D ty

26、ped14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the

27、 table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ ag