听力教程4unit1听力原文主编施心远Word格式.docx

1、3. There are different federal loans and private loans for students.有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。4. Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st.在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。5. There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt.人们越来越担心，很多学生将背着沉重的债务从大学毕业。Section two Liste

2、ning ComprehensionPart 1 Dialogue-Social GroupingInterviewer: Right. Youre talking about social groupings here. Could you tell us something about the ways animals form into groupsNike Down: Yes. Er, many, many animals are very solitary* animals. The only times they get together is when they mate, or

3、 when theyre bringing up their young. The majority of animals are solitary, but a very significant group of mammals and insects, like ants and termites*, bees and wasps, are very social and they group together because in a group its much safer. You can defend yourself more easily if youre in a group

4、, you can find males more easily if youre in a group, and you can change the world around you by working with the others if you live in a group. Solitary animals have a much more difficult time in many ways. You mentioned lions and other carnivores* earlier on. Do they group very much Yes. Most cats

5、 in fact dont group. Er, lions and, to a lesser extent, cheetahs* are the only cats that group together. A group of lions is called a pride*, and you might get anything up to 15 or 20 lions in a pride. A pride of lions would have perhaps two or three males, perhaps a dozen females, and then the cubs

6、. But the real lion group consists of females with their cubs. The males tend to stay for a few years and then they get kicked out by a group of younger males that come in and take over. And how about the apes Ah, well, now youre talking about the group of animals that we belong to. Apes some apes l

7、ive in very, very big and complicated social groups. Not all. Orangutans*, for example, big apes that live in Indonesia and Malaysia theyre very solitary and one adult may meet another adult only once every two or three years, when a male and a female mate, and then, the only relationship will be be

8、tween a mother and her baby. The baby will stay with the mother for two or three years, four years, five years even, learning from the mother, learning what sorts of foods to eat, what the signs of danger are, and then when the baby grows up, off itll go, and live its own solitary life. The reason w

9、hy orangutans are solitary is because theres not very much food in a forest and if there was a big group of orangutans, all the food would just run out. But, leaving Asia and going to Africa, then you find very social apes. Now, gorillas, for example. Gorillas live in unimale* groups. They used to b

10、e called harems*, but the technical term is unimale because theres one male within the group; one male, and then around him will be anything up to six, seven, eight, nine females, plus all the babies. And that one male in the group is the silverback gorilla, and hes much bigger and stronger than the

11、 others. Hes got silvery fur on his back and the others wont challenge him and hell lead the group slowly through the forest, settling down every night and moving on the next day, finding food. So thats a unimale group. But if you move a little bit further west into West Africa, youll start to come

12、across chimpanzees. Now theyre a bit smaller than gorillas. They spend a lot of time in the trees, whereas gorillas are down on the ground. And chimpanzees are much more closely related to us than they are to gorillas. Theyre our closest living relatives. Now chimps* live in multimale groups; in oth

13、er words, youll get, oh, anything up to six, seven, eight males, then youll get two or three times that number of females a dozen, two dozen females plus all the youngsters, so were talking about groups that can be as big as 40 or 50 or even 60. Now a chimpanzee group multimale group is a very flexi

14、ble type of group. It constantly splits into smaller groups. Off they go for a few days, back they come, reform, break up again. And within that group the males tend to hang around the outside, protecting the group, fighting off rival males that might want to come in and mate with the females, but t

15、hey tend to come and go to some extent. The ongoing core of the chimpanzee group consists of females with their young and sometimes sisters will actually work together to bring up their young collectively. Yes, so apes are very, very social animals indeed.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue a

16、nd choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A Part 2 Passage Community CollegesGreat challenges faced the United States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition. National and local leaders realized that a more skille

17、d workforce was key to the countrys continued economic strength, a need that called for a dramatic increase in college attendance. Yet three-quarters of high school graduates were choosing not to further their education, in part because they were reluctant to leave home for a distant college.During

18、the same period, the countrys rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities. It was common for them to add a teacher institute, manual learning （vocational education） division or citizenship school to the diploma program. The high school-based community college

19、* was the most successful type of addition. Meanwhile, small, private colleges had fashioned an effective model of higher education grounded on the principles of small classes, close student-faculty relations and a program that included both academics and extracurricular activities. From the combina

20、tion of these traditions emerged the earliest community colleges, roughly balanced in number between private and public control but united in their commitment to meet local needs. The typical early community college was small, rarely enrolling more than 150 students. It nevertheless offered a progra

21、m of solid academics as well as a variety of student activities.A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women, attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers. In such states as Missouri, which did not yet require K-8* teachers t

22、o have a bachelors degree, it was common for more than 60 percent of community college students to be women, virtually all of them preparing to be teachers.Community colleges are centers of educational opportunity. More than 100 years ago, this unique, American invention put publicly funded higher e

23、ducation at close-to-home facilities and initiated* a practice of welcoming all who desire to learn, regardless of wealth, heritage or previous academic experience. Today, the community college continues the process of making higher education available to a maximum number of people at 1,166 public a

24、nd independent community colleges. The breadth of programming and the variety of students goals make it difficult to accurately quantify* community college performance. Unlike four-year colleges, where attainment of a bachelors degree is the implicit* goal of students, community college students do

25、not share a common goal beyond self-improvement.Research shows that education pays. Students who complete associate degrees* and certificates are more likely to move into higher-status management and professional positions with higher earnings. An investment of a few thousand dollars now will likely

26、 pay lifelong dividends*, as students who earn associate degrees average lifetime earnings of $250,000 more than people without degrees.But success at community colleges must be broadly defined to include not just those who attain associate degrees and those who earn certificates, but also the milli

27、ons who take noncredit and workforce training classes.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionIn the United States the terms college and university can describe a variety of institutions. A college may form one major division of a university, offering programs in a specific academic field that lead to unde

28、rgraduate or graduate degrees, or both. Colleges may also be independent of a university, offering four-year programs of general education that lead to a bachelors degree in the liberal arts and sciences. Universities generally comprise various colleges and professional schools that make up the acad

29、emic divisions of the institution. Universities provide higher education leading to a bachelors degree as well as professional and graduate programs leading to masters and doctoral degrees.Community colleges offer two-year programs of general education or vocational education.Exercise B Sentence Dic

30、tation Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1. Great challenges faced the Unites States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition.2. During the same period, the countrys rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways

31、to serve their communities.3. It offered a program of solid academics as well as a variety of student activities.4. A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women, attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers.5. The breadth of programming and the variety of students goals make it difficult to accurately quantify community college performance.Exercise C Detailed Listening Listen to the passage and decide whether the following stat