高考名词性从句讲解及习题文档格式.docx

1、主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesnt matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后It looks as if it is going to sno

2、w.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game.同位语从句放在名词之后（news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等） 表明其具体内容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.五. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,

3、as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. Whether he will come is not clear.六. 主语从句

4、1.概念和引导词作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer. Wh

5、ere the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.2，主语从句不缺成分用that引导主语从句That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.That he loves the dog is certain.=It is certain that he loves the dog.3. it作形式主语有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。It 作形式主语的常见句型： （1）It + be + 名词（pit

6、y, shame, wonder news etc） + that从句（should + V）（2）It + be + 形容词（necessary, important, strange, easy etc）+ that从句（should）+V（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词（suggested, advised, ordered, requested, insisted etc） + that从句（should + V）（4）It +be+动词的过去分词（said, reported, believed etc）+that从句 （5）It + 不及物动词（seem, occur, h

7、appen, remain） + that 从句（should+V）It is a pity that you didnt win the game.It is no wonder that he looks like his mother . It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match. It is necessary that you should learn something here.It is said that he had gone abroad.It doe

8、snt matter whether you like it It does matter that you like it4. 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。e.g. What he said has nothing to do with me. What he said and what he did have nothing to do with me.5. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1） if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2） It is said , （reported） 结构中的主语从句不可提前

9、。It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. （）That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （）（3） It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. （）That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4） It doesnt matter h

10、ow/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. （）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5） 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? （）Is that will rain in the evening likely? （七. 宾语从句1.定义和引导词名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓

11、语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。（1）作动词的宾语a.由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：I heard that be joined the army.b.由what, whether （if） 引导的宾语从句，例如：1） She did not know what had happened.2） I wonder whether you can change this note for me.c.动词间接宾语宾语从句。She told me that she would accept my invitation.（2） 作介词的宾语Our success depend

12、s upon how well we can cooperate with one another.（3） 作形容词的宾语I am afraid （that） Ive made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也

13、可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。2. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 （1）由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。e.g. She told me （that） she would accept my invitation.（2）在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。e.g. I ins

14、ist that she （should） do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。（3）that 引导的宾语从句一般不能从当介词的宾语，但可以作except, but, besides, in的宾语e.g. He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.3. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句

15、子语序要用陈述语序。例如:e.g. I want to know what he has told you.4. it作形式宾语（1）如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that也不能省略。e.g. We make it clear that we can do it well.（2）除了except, but, besides, in等介词，其他介词后要用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句后置。e.g. You may depend on it that I shall always help you.（3） 动词think, believe, cons

16、ider, suppose it +adj.+从句e.g. I think it important that we learn English.（4） 表示情感类的动词like, hate, appreciate 等动词后的宾语从句用it作形式主语。e.g. I appreciate it that you can help me with my English.5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。e.g. We dont think you are here.注意

17、：hope不可以否定前移。e.g. I hope that they wont run into the trouble.6. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 e.g. I know （that） he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） I know （that） he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know （that） he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） I know （that） he ha

18、s studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。e.g. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America7. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, hel

19、p, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。e.g. I admire their winning the match. （）I admire that they won the match. （8. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。e.g. He impressed the manager as an

20、 honest man. （）He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. （八. 表语从句1.表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。一般放在主句的谓语动词（连系动词）之后，引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether，as if/though，because; 代词who, what, which;副词when, where, how, why 等。2.系动词表系动词种类列举状态系动词be持续系动词keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand表象系动词seem, appear, look感官系动词feel, s

21、mell, sound, taste变化系动词become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run终止系动词prove, turn out表达“变成”，“证实”3.其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。e.g. The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.

22、 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。4.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Because 可以引导表语从句，用于：that/this is because 例如：e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .This is because he missed the train by one minute.5.whether 可引导表语从句，但与

23、之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。e.g. The question is whether you should accept the invitation.九. 同位语从句1.概念：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等抽象。e.g. The news that we won the g

24、ame is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。2.引导词的注意点：（1）连词that 只起引导同位语从句的作用，在中不作成分，但也不能省。e.g. There is no doubt that he won the game .（2） whether, how, what, who ,where, etc 也可以引导同位语从句

25、e.g. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.十. That与what引导的名词性从句时的区别That 和what 都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中充当任何成分。连接词that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。但在非正式英语中，当that引导的名词性从句作宾语或表语时，that可以省略。What 是连接代词，不仅引导名词行从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾

26、语或表语，不能省略。e.g. That he stole a bike was true.The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.十一. Whether 和 if 引导的名词性从句的区别：1. whether 和if 均可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时，从句作介词以及discuss的宾语时，宾语从句中只能用whether连接。e.g. He asked me if/whether I could attend the meeting. I dont care about whether you hav

27、e money or not.2. 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether连接，不用if。e.g. Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.3. Whether常与or连用表示一种选择，但if不能这么用；whether也可以与动词不定式连用，但if不能。e.g. I havent decided whether to go or not.4. whether 可引导一个让步状语从句，而if不能。e.g. Whether he comes or not, we will begin our part

28、y on time.十三.doubt 用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。e.g. We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.Im not sure whether they will come or not.十四. wh-ever与“no matter + 疑问词”的区别wh-既可以引导名词性从句由可以引导让步状语从句；而“no matter + 疑问

29、词”只能引导让步状语从句。e.g. Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to.= No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to.（让步状语从句） He would believe Whatever I said. （宾语从句）另外，在whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟，到底”。e.g. Wherever have you been? 你究竟去哪里了？十五. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别1. 从意义上讲，同位语从句是对名词加以补充说明，定语从句是对名词性进行修饰限定。2. 从结构上讲，同位语从句一般由连接词引导，定语从句由关系词引导。3. 从内涵上讲，同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，定语从句所限定的名词时从句的逻辑主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。4. 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略，而引导定语从句的关系词作宾语时常可省略。5. 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词，而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。e.g. Th