1 非谓语动词讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、这个动作） 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good.It feels comfortable.2） 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1）一样被动以后要还原to Id like to have John do it. I have my package weighed.Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. 3） help; help sb do; help sb to do; help do; help to do四）有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，pr

2、omise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect, allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do， force sb to do， be more likely to do， love to do， warn sb to do， be able to do， beambitious to do， begin to do， start to do五） 有些短语中to后面要接-ing形式accustom （oneself） to; be accustomed

3、 to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不

4、太常用。He needs （a lot of） encouraging.二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词1）是名词 seeing is believing2）具有动词性特征可以带宾语 Starving troops is necessary.一）动名词的形式:I dont like you smoking. I regret not having taken your advice.This question is far from being settled.二） 动名词常考的点1动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数2在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词3动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通

5、过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon Ayou to call Byou callCyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C your calling 也对）4有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; expl

6、ain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand.另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use;s not/ha

7、rdly/scarcely use;s worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no;s no point in;s nothing worse than; whats the use/point.5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。I remembered to post the letters. （指未来/过去未来的动作）I remembered posting/having posting the letters （我记得这个

8、动作）forgot与remember的用法类似。I regret to inform you that 我很遗憾地通知你I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了二十年前的离开而遗憾。try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.try ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 打算、想我想去，但我父亲不让我去。To rais

9、e wage means increasing purchasing power. 意味着赠加工资意味着增加购买力。prefer的用法：我宁愿在这里等。I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。 3 分词：现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态现在分词:1）一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?（与谓语动词同步发生）2）完成形式：No

10、t having made adequate preparations, they failed. （发生谓语动词之前）3）完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.（ 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动）过去分词 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2） 过去分词的进行形式：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. （强调正在被做）这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系主动还是被

11、动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。非谓语动词的概念：非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。包含的动词类型：非谓语动词主要包括动名词、不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外, 具有动词的部分语法特征，可以承担句子的任何成分。下面分别对以上几种动词类型配合例句进行讲解。一、动名词1.定义：动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing。2.功能：动名词（或动名词短语）在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语（动词或介词的宾语）和定语等。（1）作主语e.

12、g.Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。（2）作表语e.g.In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。（3）作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。（4）作定语e.g. He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。3.考点：动名词在考试中往往不是不直接进行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察

13、考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以，考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。4.与分词做定语的区别：现在分词由原形动词+ing构成，如designing，leaving，stopping等现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或经常性的动作，或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语，现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。Give the note to theloudly-speaking（现在分词作定语）man. 请把便条交给坐在正在高声说

14、话的人。Id like to buy a washing（动名词作定语）machine.（a machine for washing）. 我想要一台洗衣机。5.常接动名词作宾语的动词：acknowledge，advocate，anticipate，appreciate，advise，avoid，admit，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enioy，escape，excuse，fancy，favor，finish，f1orgive，imagine，include，involve，justify，keep，mind，miss，pardon，practice，postpon

15、e，permit，report，resent，resume，risk，resist，suggest，tolerate6.动名词的习惯用法与句型：be busy/active doing sth.have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle（in）doing sth.Its no good/use doing sth.have a good/hard/difficult time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good（in）doing sth.ca

16、nnot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth二、不定式1、动词不定式形式：（to）+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征；否定式：not+（to） do2、不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It mean

17、s failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caugh

18、t a cold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here.He did

19、nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English.（4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With

20、a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He fo

21、und a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to

22、finish the work.被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.3、难点解析（1）接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词：mean to do想要（做某事）propose to do打算（做某事）mean doing意味（做某事）propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember doing记得（已做过的事）regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾go on to do继而（做另一件事）regret doing（

23、对已做过的事）后悔go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事（2）下列动词短语中的to是介词，后面应接动名词或名词：，resort to，react to，contribute to，look forward to，be accustomed to，be committed to, be exposed to，be subjected to，be devoted to，be dedicated to，be opposed to，be reconciled to，be contrary to三、分词1. 分词作定语1） 分词作

24、定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?预定的座位在哪里？This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。2） 分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

25、The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless.筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined.有许多学生在等待检查。This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners.本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。3） 分词常和形容词、副词

26、或名词构成合成形容词作定语。The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。The newly-built building is our office building.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。4） 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.秋天有许多落叶。The film describes the story about the police who pursu

27、e an escaped man.这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。2. 分词作宾语补足语1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen.当他们度

28、假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动）2） 在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。3. 分词作状语1） 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表

29、示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语）Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not beable to work well. 如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语）They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for