建筑结构英语常用词汇Word格式文档下载.docx

1、方案Scheme; draft草图Sketch透视图Perspective drawing建筑构图Architectural position坐标Coordinate纵坐标Ordinate横坐标Abscissa跨度Span开关Bay进深Depth层高Floor height净高Clear height; headroom横数Module; modulus裙房Skirt building楼梯Stair梯段Stair slab楼梯平台Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散楼梯Escape staircase楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Enclosure stairca

2、se防烟楼梯间Smoke prevention stair well消防电梯间Emergency elevators well自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escape way耐火等级Fire-resistive grade生产类别Classification of production耐火极限Duration of fire-resistance防火间距File-break distance泄压面积Area of pressure release闷顶Mezanine; mezzanine砖标号Grade of brick; strengt

3、h of brick承重墙Bearing wall非承重墙Non-bearing wall挡土墙Retaining wall填充墙Filler wall围护墙Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女儿墙Parapet wall隔墙Partition（浴室、厕所）隔断Stall窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁Gird; girt; girth防潮层Damp-proof course勒脚Plinth横梁Transverse beam纵横Longitudinal wall山墙Gable; gable wall防火墙Fire wall压

4、顶Coping勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brick flat arch预埋件Embedded inserts直抓梯Ladder栏杆Railing防腐蚀Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化学溶蚀Chemical erosion膨胀腐蚀Expansion corrosion化学腐蚀Chemical corrosion电化学腐蚀Electro-chemical corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion气相腐蚀Gaseous corrosion液相腐蚀Liquidoid corrosion固相腐蚀Solid corrosion腐蚀裕度

5、Allowance for corrosion锈蚀rusting4.3 建筑材料Building materials级配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯实Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete（R.C）细石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete轻质混凝土Lightweight concrete加气混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete粒混凝土Ceramsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cement & expended pearlite岩棉

6、Mineral wool; mine wool沥青asphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂Asphalt mastic粘土砖Clay brick釉面砖Porcelain enamel brick空心砖Hollow brick砌块Block缸砖guarry brick锦砖mosac地面砖paving brick防滑地砖non-slip brick耐酸砖（板）acidbrick （acidtile）胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形镀锌钢板galvanized corrugate steel sheet玻璃钢瓦glass-fiber reinforced pla

7、stic tile彩色压型钢（铅）板coloured corrugate steel （aluminium） plat;profiuing coloured stccl （aluminium） plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone石marble水泥砂浆抹面cement plaster石灰砂浆抹面lime plaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster刀灰打底hemp-cut and lime

8、as base原木Log方木square timber板材plank胶合板plywood三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃flat glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass起玻璃prism glass夹丝玻璃Wire glass夹层玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass钢化玻璃reinforced glass镀膜玻璃coating glass有机玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑构造及配件Building construction & ponent铺砌paving地

9、坪grade基层beddingrammed earth垫层base结合层bonding course面层Covering隔离层insulation course活动地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示块ground prompt遮阳板sunshade窗套Window moulding护角curb guard防水层water-proof course找平层Leveling course隔热层heat insulation course保温层thermal insulation course檩条purlin天窗skyl

10、ight天棚ceiling吊顶suspending ceiling吊顶龙骨ceiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天沟Valley挑檐overhanging eave檐口eave泛水flashing分水线watershed檐沟eave gutter汇水面积catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrance steps保温门thermal insulation door隔声门（窗）sound insulation door （window）;acoustical door （wi

11、ndow）防火门（窗）fire door （window）冷藏门freezer door安全门exit door防护门（窗）protection door （window）屏蔽门（窗）Shield door （window）防风砂门radiation resisting door （window）密闭门（窗）weather tight door泄压门（窗）pressure release door （window）壁柜门closet door变压器间门transformer room door围墙门gate车库门garage door保险门safe door引风门ventilation doo

12、r检修门access door平开门（窗）side-hung door推拉门（窗）sliding door弹簧门swing door折迭门folding door卷帘门rolling door转门revolving door夹板门plywood door拼板门FLB door （framed, Ledged and battened door）;matchboard door实拼门solid door镶板门panel door镶玻璃门glazed door玻璃门glass door钢木门steel & wooden door百页门shutter door连窗门door with side wi

13、ndow传递窗delivery window观察窗observation window换气窗vent sast上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗bottom-hung window立转窗vertically pivoted window固定窗fixed window单层窗single window双层窗double window百页窗shutter带形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window组合窗posite window落地窗French window玻璃幕墙glazed curtain wa

14、ll门（窗）框door （window） frame拼樘料transom（横），mullion （竖）门（窗）扇door （window） leaf（平开窗扇 casement sash）纱扇screen sash亮子transom, fanlight门心板pancl披水板weather board贴脸板trim筒子板Lining窗台板sill plate防护铁栅barricade; iron grille; grating合页butts; hinges; butthinges执手knob撑档catch滑道sliding track插销bolt拉手pull推板push plate门锁morti

15、ce lock; door lock执手锁mortice lock with knob4.5 建筑结构Building structure4.5.1荷载Load活荷载Live load静荷载，恒载Dead load静力荷载Static load移动荷载Moving load动力荷载Dynamic load冲击荷载impact load附加荷载Superimposed load规定荷载（又称标准荷载）Specified Load集中荷载Concentrated Load分布荷载Distributed Load设计荷载Design Load轴向荷载Axial Load偏心荷载Eccentric L

16、oad风荷载Wind Load风力、风压Wind force、Wind Pressure雪荷载Snow Load屋面积灰荷载Roof ash Load（吊车）最大轮压Maximum Wheel Load吊车荷载Crane Load安装荷载Erection Load施工荷载Construction Load不对称荷载Unsymmetrical Loading重复荷载Repeated Load刚性荷载Rigid Load柔性荷载Flexible Load临界荷载Critical Load容许荷载Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load极限荷载Ultimat

17、e Load条形荷载Strip Load破坏荷载Failure Load, Load at failure地震荷载Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷载组合bination of load4.5.2地基和基础Soil and foundation地基（Bed）soil天然地基Natural ground人工地基Artificial ground混凝土基础Concrete foundation; Concrete footing毛石基础Rubble masonry footing;（Rubble） stone footing砖基础Brickwork footing桩基础P

18、ile foundation设备基础Equipment foundation机器基础Machine foundation独立基础Individual footing, Isolated foundationPad foundation联合基础bined footing大块式基础Massive foundation条形基础Strip foundation; Strip footingStrap footing; Continuousfooting方形基础Square footing杯形基础Footing socket板式基础Slab-foundation; Mat footing阶梯形基础Ste

19、pped foundation; Benched foundation（Stepped footing）扩展基础spread footing扩底基础Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foundationFloating foundation沉箱（井）基础Caisson foundation构架式基础Frame foundation深基础Deep foundation基础Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基础板Found

20、ation slab基础梁Foundation beam Footing beam基础底面Foundation base基础底板Foundation mat基础垫层Foundation-bed基础埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下连续墙Undelground continuous wall打桩Pile driving打桩机Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine钢桩Steel pile水桩Wood pile; Timber pile钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced concrete pile砂桩Sand pile石灰桩Li

21、me pile; Lime column; Quicklime pile单桩Single pile群桩Pile group; Pile cluster斜桩Batter pile预制桩precast pile灌注桩In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pileCast-in-situ pile; Filling pile板桩sheet pile拆密桩paction pile挤密砂桩Sand paction pile灰土挤密桩Line-soil paction pile钻孔桩Bored pile打入桩Driuen pile摩擦桩Friction pile; Buoyant pil

22、e端承桩End bearing pile; Point bearing pile;Column pile （柱桩）支承桩Bearing pile抗拔桩Tension pile; Uplift pile;抗滑桩Anti-slicle pile桩承台Pile cap桩帽Pile cap; pile couel桩头Pile crown; pile head桩端Pile tip桩身Pile shaft桩距Pile spacing桩钢筋笼Pile cage试桩Test pile桩荷载试验Pile load test桩的动荷载试验Dynamic load test of pile桩的侧向荷载试验Later

23、al pile load test桩的极限荷载Ultimatepile load桩承载能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pileCarrying capacity of a pile土压力Earth pressure主动土压力Active earth pressure被动土压力Passive earth pressure静止土压力Earth pressureat rest容许地耐力Allowable bearing strength冰冻深度Frozen depth; Frost depth;Frost penetration depth of fro

24、st penetration防冻深度Frost-proof depth粘土类土Clayey soil轻亚粘土Sandy loam亚粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂质土Sandy soil砂砾石Sandy gravel stratum膨胀土Expansive soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hard pan液限Liquid limit塑限Plastic limit塑料指数Index of plasticity松软土Mellow soil; spongy soil回填土Backfill Refilling杂填土Miscellaneous fill地表水Surface water;地下水Groundwater地下水位Groundwater eltualion;Groundwater level; Groundwater table容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight湿容重Wet unit weight饱和容重Saturated unit weight不均匀沉降Unequalsettlement;Differential settlement地基处理Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improvement土质查勘Soil exploration地质勘