翻译的概念Word格式文档下载.docx

1、4.按翻译的客体即所译资料的性质可分为文学翻译（literary translation）:包括诗歌,小说,戏剧等文学作品的翻译,着重情感内容和修辞特征的表达.实用翻译（pragmatic translation）:包括科技,商务,公文等资料的翻译,着重实际内容的表达.三. 翻译的过程翻译的过程是理解和表达的有机结合.翻译的关键在于对原文的理解,要真正理解原文,译者必须有扎实的语言功底和相关专业背景知识,并熟知英汉两种文化知识,否则译者就不能真正理解,从而产生误差.例:Cannot Beat the Real Thing.（美国可口可乐广告）不能打败真正的商品.挡不住的诱惑!后者简单明了的把原

2、文的真正含义表达了出来,能达到打动消费者的目的.表达阶段就是译者把自己从原文所理解的内容用目的语重新表达出来.表达的好坏主要取决与对原文的理解深度和对译文语言的饿修养程度.理解原文不是易事,表达亦然.As we obtained a clean B/L, you will see that the goods were slopped in good order. We suggest, therefore, that you lodge your claim with it.由于我们获得了清洁提单,所以你们将明白货物在装运时情况良好,且被安放的井井有条.由此看来我们建议你们可以向该轮船公司提

3、出索赔.我方已获得清洁提单一张,贵方谅必清楚货物装船时状况良好,因此建议贵方可依此向该轮船公司提出索赔.四. 翻译的方法1.直译和意译是翻译的两大基本方法.2.所谓直译是指翻译时要求译文与原文在词语,语法结构及表达方式上保持一致的方法.Many investors no longer treat a stock as an instrument of ownership in a corporation but only as a derivative of economic factors, risks and potentials.许多投资者不再把他们拥有的股票看作是拥有某一公司一部分权益

4、的工具,而只是将它视为经济因素,风险,潜力的衍生物.See more3.意译是指摆脱原文形式的束缚而传达原文的内容.During Federal Reserve Chairman Greenspans nearly 20 years as the world most powerful central banker, the U.S has suffered only one recession, a brief one in 1990-1991.格林斯潘作为全球最有实力的中央银行的掌舵人,在其近20年的任期中,美国仅在1990-1991年间遭受过一次短暂的经济萧条.本句意译主要体现在句子结构

5、层面上,将only one recession和a brief one in 1990-1991进一步融合,更加符合汉语的表达习惯.讨论翻译的概念, 分类,过程及方法并提出自己的看法和观点.将下列汉语译成英语:1.语内翻译 _2.语际翻译 _3.语符翻译 _4.文学翻译 _5.实用翻译 _6.功能对等 _7.机器翻译 _8.目的语 _9. 源语 _三.结合直译和意译两种翻译方法,将下列英语译成汉语:1.Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of material in one language （SL） by equiva

6、lent textual material in another language.2.A translation should give a complete transcript of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.3. Automatic package has been adopted into production of almost every industry.4.A compensatio

7、n package often includes a base salary, an annual bonus and some other extra rewards and benefits.5. A packaged service called Trade Web costs companies less than 1,000$a year to join. It is so cheap that 3,000 small suppliers have signed up with the operator.6.The through quality management is appa

8、rent not just in the products, but also in the system through a self-check system and tracebility at each stage of production from the greenhouse to the table.第二节 商务英语和商务文本翻译标准一. 商务英语的界定商务英语是英语的一种功能变体,是专门用途英语（English for Specific Purposes）中的一个分支,适于商务场合中应用,或者说是一种包含了各种商务活动内容,适合商业需要的标准英文.而这些商务活动包括技术引进,

9、对外贸易,招商引资,对外劳务承包与合同,国际金融,涉外保险,国际旅游,海外投资,国际运输等等, 在这些活动中使用的英语统称为商务英语（Business English ）二.商务文本的翻译标准商务文本的复杂性决定了商务文本的翻译标准必须是多元化的,不同的商务文体该有不同的翻译标准.1.商务广告的翻译:劝购功能相似广告的主要功能是劝购功能,即说服读者去买广告中所宣传的产品或服务.广告翻译是否成功取决它是否能在译文读者中取得同样的作用.广告翻译应以为其基本原则, 译文应与原文有大致相同的宣传效果,信息传递功能和移情感召功能.需要强调的是,由于语言之间存在的差异以及译文读者和原文读者的社会和文化背景

10、不同,广告翻译的功能相似原则并不是要求字字对等的忠实翻译而是一种极为灵活的对等:即广告翻译的受众是否象原广告的受众一样乐于掏钱买商家所宣传的广告产品.We take no pride in prejudice.（ The Times 的一则广告）译文1:对于你的偏见,我们没有傲慢.译文2: 对于有失偏颇的报道,我们并不引以为豪.参考译文:正义的力量,舆论的向导.examplePride in prejudice引用英国作家简.奥斯汀的名作傲慢与偏见,体现了泰晤士报秉承公平,公正的办报原则,收到了很好的广告效果.但由于中西方的文化差异,使这种效果很难在译文中表现出来.译文1将傲慢与偏见的两个关键

11、词强加到译文中,但却使人看了之后不知所云.译文二虽然表达了公平公正的意思,但给人的感觉是泰晤士报不总是报道真实的新闻.在这种既难保留原文,又难达到广告宣传目的的两难情况下,则可放弃原文,采取另译的方法例句分析Quality Services for Quality Life.凝聚新动力,文康展新姿._香港康乐及文化事物署的双语广告Connecting People.科技以人为本._诺基亚公司的广告词商务广告的翻译2.商务应用文的翻译:约定俗成,入乡随俗.商务应用文在此具体是指商务活动中的项目招商通告,营业执照,招投标文件,请柬等具有固定行文格式的商务文件.商务应用文的翻译The Deputy

12、Prime Minister of Australiaand minister for Overseas Trade Dr.J.F. CairnsRequests the Pleasure of Your Companyat a BanquetOn Tuesday, 11 October, 2005from 12:30 to 13:30 p.m.in Hall Three of the Beijing Exhibition CenterTo Mark the Opening of the Australian ExhibitionR.S.V.PTel:_ Chinese谨订于2005年10月1

13、1日（星期二）12时半至下午1时半假座北京展览馆3号大厅举行宴会,庆祝澳大利亚展览会开幕.敬请光临澳大利亚副总理兼海外贸易部长杰.弗.凯恩斯博士（请赐复）电话_3. 商务信函的翻译: 事实准确,礼貌得体根据商务信函的语言特点和实际用途,商务信函的翻译应遵循以下原则:准确传达原文的事实信息主要包括三个方面:术语翻译规范,具体事实细节准确传译, 一般性叙述用词恰当.贴切再现原文的礼貌语气商务信函属于公函语体,措辞严谨,语气委婉,注重礼节,翻译是要特别注意再现原文的礼貌语气.符合公函文体的语言特征商务信函的翻译There are qualities of this item here, in dif

14、ferent weights and size, with varied colors and shapes. The price is very reasonable and the quotations will be given upon request.Our prices already make full allowance for large orders and , as you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to mi

15、nimum.我方现有各种不同重量,不同体积,颜色丰富,形状各异的大理石,数量甚巨,价格合理,受函抱价.我方抱价已考虑到大批量定货的因素.相信贵公司了解我们是在一个竞争十分激烈的市场上经营销售业务,因而已经不得不把利润降到最低限度.4. 商务合同的翻译商务合同的概念:是一种契约文体,其文体具有用语正式,句式严谨以及篇章结构固定等特点.具体标准:用词准确,译文完整行文通顺,条理清楚符合契约的文体特点商务合同的翻译The date of receipt issued by the transportation department concerned shall be regarded as the

16、 date of the delivery of goods.Payment: By irrevocable L/C at the sight to reach the sellers 30 days before the time of shipment.The buyer shall make a claim against the Seller （including replacement of the goods） by the further inspection certificate and all the expenses incurred therefore shall by

17、 the Seller.The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.由有关的运输机构所开据收据的日期视为为交货期.买方应在装船前30天将不可撤消的即期信用证开到卖方.买方需凭复检证明书向卖方提出索赔（包括换货）,由此引起的全部费用应由卖方负责.仲裁机构的裁决具有最终效力,双方必须遵照执行.一.讨论翻译及商务英语翻译的标准.二.将下列英语短语译成汉语:1.form a receipt _2.ticket order form _3.application form _4.an active list _5.an export

18、 list _more三.将下列英语段落翻译成汉语.Speaking of translation, we tend to think of Yan Fu who advocated for the first time the three words as translation criteria, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Yan Fus faithfulness means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original conten

19、t or thought. His expressiveness demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense. But his elegance is unadoptable because it refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty, Yan Fu held that only the language before the Ha

20、n Dynasty could be considered elegant and old vocabulary, the old structure of Chinese must be used in order to represent the original fully and adequately.Faithfulness first refers to the content of the original work. The translator must bring out the original meaning both comprehensively and accur

21、ately without any distortion or casual addition or deletion of the original thoughts.Faithfulness also includes the keeping of the original style, as Mr. Lu Xun put it , keep the full flavor of the original work.第三章涉外商务信函的翻译第一节 商务信函简介一 商务信函的12种要素 信头（letterhead）案号 （reference）日期 （date）封内地址 （inside add

22、ress注意项 （attention line）称呼 （salutation） 事由栏 （subject）信的正文 （body of letter）信尾敬语 （complimentary close）签名 （signature）缩写名,附件及分送标志部分（IEC: initials, enclosures and carbon copies block）附言 （postscript）Next商务信函实例1Kee & Co., Ltd 34 Regent Street London, UK Inside Address 收信人地址 Dear Sirs,Salutation称呼 We have o

23、btained your name and address from Dee&Co. Ltd, and we are writing toenquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, we are interested in extending our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.

24、 If your prices are competitive we would expect to place volume orders on you. We look forward to your early reply. _Yours faithfully, Complimentary Close客套结束语 Tony Smith Signature Block签名栏 Enc: invoice for consulting services Enclosure Notation_ 商务信函实例21117 The High RoadAustin TX 78703 6 June 2006M

25、R. David Patricks3005 West 29th, Suite 130Waco. TX 77663Dear Mr. Ptricks,I received your June 5th letter requesting consultation and am providing myrecommendation in the following.First, let me review my understanding of your inquiry. The question you raise revolvesaround whether the heating registe

26、rs should be located in a low sidewall, or in the ceiling,and if ceiling registers are used, which type step down or stamped-facedwill deliverthe best results. Additionally, the problem concerns whether there is any benefit to haveheating registers near the floor, whether moving heated air down in d

27、ucts negativelyaffects blower performance.My recommendations are as follow:I can find nothing in either Carrier, Trane, or ASHRAE design manuals that indicatesdrop as being a factor in duct design any different from normal static losses. If you havedifferent information on this, I would like to have

28、 references to it.I cannot see any advantage to low sidewall application. The problem is injection and pattern. I do see an advantage to low sidewall return; Carrier Design ManualAir Distribution is a good reference on both items.I recommend step-down diffusers with OBD because they have pattern and volume control that is superior to stamped-faced diffusers.I am opposed to low sidewall diffusers or floor diffusers in the application you describe. The increased static losses that result from trying to get the ducts to down through th