Unit 78英语教案Word格式文档下载.docx

1、potatopumpkinspinachtomatoappleapricotcherrycoconotgrapegrapefruithawthornlemonlitchimangoorangepeachpearplumpersimmonpineapplestrawberrywatermelonporkchopsausagehambeefsteakmuttonbaconturkeychickenriceoatwheatcornmilletbarleypastanoodlesricecakedumplingmacaronipan-cakepizzaeggcakecrackercookiebiscu

2、itcandynutfishseafoodshrimplobstercrabclamteacoffeecokepepsimilkjuicealcoholwinebeercocktailrumwhiskybrandy1.Sample One Not very often. Because Im a student and eating out is more expensive than eating on campus.Sample Two I cant say I eat out very often, but I do eat out sometimes because the food

3、in our school cafeteria is always the same stuff.Sample Three When friends come to visit me from off campus, I usually take them out for a meal. The food in a nearby restaurant is good and has a lot of variety, and is not expensive.Sample Four Sometimes, my roommates and I take turns hosting a party

4、 at the McDonalds or KFC near our school.2.Sample Jiaozi/ dumpling; fried egg; fried chicken; fried potato chips; pizza; seafood; noodles; hot dog; sandwich; bread and butter; hamburger; sausage; beer; orange juice; coca-cola; future cola; spritzer; wine; XO1.legend n. 传说 传奇故事例句：According to local l

5、egend, Alfred the Great once trained his troop in this village.联想：epic n. 史诗 romance n.冒险故事，传奇文学派生： legendary a. 传说的，传奇的 2.immediately ad. 立即，即刻；直接地Please close your books immediately and answer these question. 请立刻把书合起来，回答这些问题。构词： immediatee 直接的，即刻的+-ly（副词后缀）同义： instantly ad. 立即地 3.mirror vt. 反映，反射

6、n. 镜子 These opinion polls really mirror what people are thinking. 这些民意调查真的反映人民的想法。echo v. 发出回声，起反映 reflect v. 反射，反映4.loyalty n.忠诚，忠心 The government was sure of the peoples loyalty. 政府相信人民的忠诚。loyal（忠诚的）+-ty（名词后缀） fidelity n. 忠实 faithful a. 忠实的易混： royalty n. 皇室，王权 5.process n. 过程，步骤 vt. 加工，处理The firm

7、is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place. 公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。构词 pro- （前缀，表示“向前”）+cess（表示“行走”） proceed vi.进行，前进 procedure n. 程序，手续6.occupy vt. 占，占用；占领，占据 The city was conquered and occupied by the enemy in only three hours. 仅在3个小时之内，那座城市就被敌军攻克并占领。 occupation n. 职业；占有 occupant

8、n. 占有者搭配： be occupied in 正在（做某事） occupy oneself with 从事于，忙于 Occupy oneself in 忙于，专心于 7.immigrant n. 移民，侨民North America has many immigrants from Europe. 北美有许多欧洲移民。由migrate （迁移）派生而来。Im-（向内）+migrate （迁移）去ate+-ant（表示“者，的人”的名词后缀）联想 immigrate v. 移居入境 emigrate vi.移民外国 emigrant n.移居外国者8.popularize vt. 使流行例句

9、 A football star popularized the new hairstyle. 一位球星使这种新发型流行起来。构词 popular（流行的）+-ize（表示“做成，变成”的动词后缀）派生 popularity n. 普及 9.contain vt.包含，容纳，装有例句 The album contains many memorable songs. 这张唱片中包括许多难忘的歌曲。构词 con-（一起，共同）+tain（保持，握，容纳）派生 container n. 容器，集装箱易混 obtain vt. 获得，得到 sustain vt. 支撑，撑住，维持，持续 retain

10、vt. 保留，保持 10.ingredient n. （烹调的）配料，成分例句 The ingredients of the canned natural coconut juice are natural mineral water, coconut juice and cane sugar. 灌装天然椰子汁的配料有天然矿泉水、椰子原汁和蔗糖。同义 element n. 成分 component n.成分 11.origin n. 起源，由来，起因；出身例句 Many Americans are African by origin. 许多美国人是非洲血统。派生 original a. 最初的

11、，最早的 originate vt. 引起，发明vi.开始；起源辨析 source “来源，出处”，指河流或事物的发源地；而origin指的是事物的起源。1.in the shape of 以的形式呈现例句 The monster reappeared, but in the shape of an old lady this time. 那妖怪又出现了，但这次却化作了一个老妇人的模样。词组 take the shap of 以形式出现 get sth. into shape 使成一定形状 out of shape 走样考点 shape 一词除了“形式的”含义外，还有“状况，情况”的意思。如：

12、in bad shape 情况很糟糕 in good shape 完整无损，处于良好状态2.along with 和一起，以及例句 Why dont you take him along with you when you go? 你去的时候为什么不带他和你一起去？3.nameafter 以命名例句 They named the child after both grandparents. 以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。词组 in the name of 以的名义 make a name for oneself 出名，成名考点 name after 为动词短语。 当name为动词的，还有以下含义

13、：叫出的名字：Can you name all the students in your class?任命：Mr. Lee has been named as the new chairman.The text can be divided into two parts:Part One （Para.1-4） : How pizza is created and how it spreads to places all over the world.Part Two（Para.5） : The ingredients pizza is made of and the forms pizza m

14、ay take. The History of Pizza1. The Greeks first came up with the idea of baking bread in round, flat shapes and adding things on top.（Para.1, L.1-2）希腊人首先提出烤制扁平面包的想法，并在其上添加其他配料。Come up with1 think of or suggest a plan or idea, a solution to a problem,or an answer to a question 想出，考虑出。The teacher ask

15、ed a difficult question, but finally Ted came up with a good answer.2 find or produce an answer, a sum of money, ect. 找出，拿到Each member of the team needs to come up with 3000 to fund their trip.2. While there were other sorts of pizza, the Neapolitan pizza became the mark of Italian food creation.（Pa

16、ra. 3, L.34）尽管也有其他种类的比萨，那不勒斯比萨仍成为意大利创新食品的标志。 在本句中while引导的是一个让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。While还可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。此时的主从句谓语动词同时发生，从句谓语通常是延续性动词。While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。3. It was little-known in these countries, however, until World War .（Para. 4, L.23）不过，直到第二次世界大战，比萨在这些国家

17、还是鲜为人知。 Until可作介词、连词，既可以用于肯定句中，又可以用于否定句中，但用法不同。用于肯定句时，意为“直到为止”，主句只能用延续性动词，它所表示的动作一直延续到表示的时间为止，本句中的until即此用法；用于否定句时，主句的动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（才）”。定语从句和状语从句定语从句 定语从句也成为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词（who,whom.whose.which,that）或关系副词（as，when，where，why）等引导。关系词除了起引导作用外，还在从句中指代前面的先行词，并在从句种担任一

18、定的成分。The car which was stolen has benn found.（which指代先行词 car,在从句中作主语）The house whose windows are broken is empty.（whose是所有格，在从句中作定语）I shall never forget the day when I entered the university.（when 指代先行词day,在从句中作时间状语） 1.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和现行词之间没有逗号，表示対先行词起修饰限

19、制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。He is the man who has strong personality.他是个个性很强的人。（限定性定语从句）My brother ,who works abroad,is coming next week.我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句）注：1）非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which,as或who（指人）。用which或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可以修饰主句的全部内容。 He spoke confidently,which impressed m

20、e most.（which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语） 2）as引导的非限定性定语从句局可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。As we all know,the moon is a satellite of the earth.The large area is covered with thick snow,which affects peoples life greatly.3）在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句，关系代词作宾语时不可以省略。The film （which） Isaw last

21、night is about a young teacher.（which可以省去）She introduced me to her husband,whom I hadnt met before.（whom不能省去） 2.通常只用关系代词that,不用which,who或whom的几种情况1） 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little,much, none, few等时。All that you want is here.2） 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a litt

22、le, much, only, very等修饰时。 There is no person that doesnt make mistakes.3） 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.4） 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时。 We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.5） 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句式。Who is the person that is standing over

23、there?6） 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,但经常可以省略。I know the difference（that） there is between you.7） 当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。He dose not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了。 3.与其他词连用引导的定语从句As 引导定语从句时。可指人也可指物，通常与the same,such, so等连用，形式为：the same.as,such.as,as.as,so.as。as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如; She kn

24、ew he felt just the same as she did.她知道他的感觉与他自己的一样。（as代替事，作宾语） I lend you such books as will interest you.我借给你使你感兴趣的书。（as代替物，作主语） 注:the same.as和the same.that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔） This is

25、 the same pen that I lost yesterday.这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔） 4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1） 定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。 This is the college in which Iam studying. He is the man abouut whom we are talking.2） 先行词与介词的习惯搭配。The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.仪表上显示出这台机器运转

26、的速度。3） 当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which;否则用其他介词。 I have five dictionaries of which longman Dictionary is the best. Ihave five dictionaries among which longman Dictionary is published in UK. 注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。 有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/wh

27、en前加介词from,to等。 China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan, Thailand and India.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、泰国和印度。状语从句 状语从句就是充当句子的状语从句，它可分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、结果、目的、条件和让步等从句。 1.时间状语从句1） 常用来引导时间状语从句的连接词有as, when. whenever, while, before, after, till, until,since,as soon as,hardly/

28、scarcely/barely. . .when/ before.,no sooner.than.等。 He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势。 Jack had scarcely/hardly seen me when/before he left the room.杰克一看到我就离开了房间。2） 某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。directly, immediately, the instant, the mom

29、ent, the minute, the day, the year, each/every time, next time,the first/second/last time,by the time等。 Directly I received your letter, Icame back at once.我已收到你的信，就马上回来了。 2.地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由where, wherever,everywhere和anywhere引导。 Wherever he went, he was warmly welcomed.无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈的欢迎。 3.原因状语从句原因状语从句一般由because, as, since, now that, in that, seeing that , considering that, not that.but that, by reason that, for the reason that, on the ground that等引导。 As